International School of Doctoral Studies, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, and Health Research Centre, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 26;19(21):13921. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192113921.
Assess the effectiveness of physical therapy, including supervised physical exercise for body mass index (BMI) restoration; improving muscle strength and the psychological, behavioural, cognitive symptoms and quality of life in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN).
A Systematic Review (SR) was conducted in the following scientific databases: Medline, PubMed, PEDro, PsychInfo, Cochrane Library plus, Nursing and Allied Health database, Scopus and Web of Science databases, from inception until November 2021. An assessment of the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence across studies was conducted. Articles were eligible if they followed randomized and non-randomized control trial designs with treatments based on physical therapy or exercise or physical activity in AN patients.
496 records were screened, and after eligibility assessment, 6 studies from 8 articles were finally analysed. The studies, involving 176 AN patient (85.02% of patients), reported improvements in muscle strength, eating behaviour, eating attitude, mood and quality of life. Three studies included nutritional co-interventions and four studies included psychological therapy. None of the studies reported adverse effects.
In two of the RCTs included in this SR, strength training and high intensity resistance improved the muscle strength of patients with AN. In addition, in two RCTs, improvements were observed in patients' attitudes towards their bodies after basic body awareness therapy or after full body massage and instruction to relax. In addition, quality of life improved in two studies, with stretching, isometrics, endurance cardiovascular and muscular exercising.
评估物理治疗的效果，包括监督身体锻炼以恢复体重指数（BMI）；改善肌肉力量以及厌食症（AN）患者的心理、行为、认知症状和生活质量。
在以下科学数据库中进行了系统评价（SR）：Medline、PubMed、PEDro、PsychInfo、Cochrane 图书馆加、护理和联合健康数据库、Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库，从开始到 2021 年 11 月。对研究间的偏倚风险和证据确定性进行了评估。如果文章遵循基于物理治疗或运动或身体活动的随机和非随机对照试验设计，并对 AN 患者进行治疗，则符合入选标准。
筛选出 496 条记录，经过资格评估，最终分析了 8 篇文章中的 6 项研究。这些研究涉及 176 名 AN 患者（85.02%的患者），报告了肌肉力量、饮食行为、饮食态度、情绪和生活质量的改善。三项研究包括营养联合干预，四项研究包括心理治疗。没有研究报告不良反应。
在本次 SR 纳入的两项 RCT 中，力量训练和高强度阻力训练提高了 AN 患者的肌肉力量。此外，在两项 RCT 中，在进行基本身体意识治疗或全身按摩和放松指导后，患者对身体的态度有所改善。此外，两项研究的生活质量均有所改善，包括伸展、等长、耐力心血管和肌肉锻炼。
