Di Cara Marcella, Rizzo Chiara, Corallo Francesco, Cardile Davide, Calabrò Rocco Salvatore, Quartarone Angelo, Buda Martina, Cucinotta Francesca
IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
Children (Basel). 2023 Jul 28;10(8):1297. doi: 10.3390/children10081297.
The diagnosis of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) was added to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) just 10 years ago. This disorder consists of the failure to meet one's nutritional and/or energy needs, which may result in significant weight loss, significant nutritional deficit or functioning dependent on enteral nutrition or oral supplements. In children with this disorder, development is often problematic, and there is also marked interference with psychosocial functioning at all ages. The causes leading to food avoidance in these patients may be related to a lack of interest, to the sensory properties of the food or to the possible adverse consequences associated with it. Given the multitude of aspects involved in this disorder and the impact it has especially on younger patients, more and more studies are addressing treatments and related benefits and/or complications. A narrative review of currently published studies was performed for articles published before 5 March 2023 on therapeutic interventions in patients with ARFID. Because of the large number of results obtained, this review was conducted only via PubMed in order to analyze and discuss children and adolescent ARFID treatments reported in literature. The treatments most often referred to in the literature are cognitive behavioral therapy, family-based therapy and pharmacological treatment. All the data on these treatments are promising. However, due to the recent introduction of this disorder and the limited data still available, a multidisciplinary approach seems to be the best option.
回避/限制性食物摄入障碍（ARFID）的诊断在仅仅10年前才被纳入《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM-5）。这种障碍表现为无法满足个人的营养和/或能量需求，这可能导致显著体重减轻、严重营养缺乏或依赖肠内营养或口服补充剂维持功能。患有这种障碍的儿童，其发育往往存在问题，并且在各个年龄段都会对心理社会功能产生明显干扰。导致这些患者回避食物的原因可能与缺乏兴趣、食物的感官特性或与之相关的可能不良后果有关。鉴于该障碍涉及的多方面因素以及它对年轻患者尤其产生的影响，越来越多的研究在探讨治疗方法以及相关的益处和/或并发症。对截至2023年3月5日之前发表的关于ARFID患者治疗干预的研究进行了叙述性综述。由于获得的结果数量众多，此次综述仅通过PubMed进行，以便分析和讨论文献中报道的儿童和青少年ARFID治疗方法。文献中最常提及的治疗方法是认知行为疗法、基于家庭的疗法和药物治疗。所有关于这些治疗方法的数据都很有前景。然而，由于这种障碍是最近才引入的，可用数据仍然有限，多学科方法似乎是最佳选择。
