Hospital Luis Vernaza, Junta de Beneficencia de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090306, Ecuador.
Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090603, Ecuador.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 27;19(21):13981. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192113981.
As of 7 January 2022, it is estimated that 5.5 million people worldwide have died from COVID-19. Although the full impact of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) on healthcare systems worldwide is still unknown, we must consider the socio-economic impact. For instance, it has resulted in an 11% decrease in the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in the European Union. We aim to provide valuable information for policymakers by analysing widely available epidemiological and socioeconomic indicators using Spanish data. Secondary analysis of routinely available data from various official data sources covering the period from 1 March 2020 to 31 March 2021. To measure the impact of COVID-19 in the population, a set of epidemiological and socioeconomic indicators were used. The interrelationships between these socioeconomic and epidemiological indicators were analysed using Pearson's correlation. Their behaviour was grouped according to their greater capacity to measure the impact of the pandemic and was compared to identify those that are more appropriate to monitor future health crises (primary outcome) using multivariate analysis of canonical correlation for estimating the correlation between indicators using different units of analysis. Data from different time points were analysed. The excess of mortality was negatively correlated with the number of new companies created during the pandemic. The increase in COVID-19 cases was associated with the rise of unemployed workers. Neither GDP nor per capita debt was related to any epidemiological indicators considered in the annual analysis. The canonical models of socioeconomic and epidemiological indicators of each of the time periods analysed were statistically significant (0.80-0.91 < 0.05). In conclusion, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, excess mortality, incidence, lethality, and unemployment constituted the best group of indicators to measure the impact of the pandemic. These indicators, widely available, could provide valuable information to policymakers and higher management in future outbreaks.
截至 2022 年 1 月 7 日，据估计全球已有 550 万人死于 COVID-19。尽管 SARS-CoV-2（COVID-19）对全球医疗保健系统的全面影响仍未知，但我们必须考虑其社会经济影响。例如，这导致欧盟 GDP（国内生产总值）下降了 11%。我们旨在通过使用西班牙数据分析广泛可用的流行病学和社会经济指标，为政策制定者提供有价值的信息。
对 2020 年 3 月 1 日至 2021 年 3 月 31 日期间来自各种官方数据源的常规可用数据进行二次分析。为了衡量 COVID-19 在人群中的影响，使用了一组流行病学和社会经济指标。使用 Pearson 相关系数分析这些社会经济和流行病学指标之间的相互关系。根据其衡量大流行影响的能力对它们进行分组，并使用多元典型相关分析对它们进行比较，以确定哪些指标更适合监测未来的健康危机（主要结果），使用不同分析单位估计指标之间相关性的典型相关分析。
分析了不同时间点的数据。死亡人数的增加与大流行期间新成立的公司数量呈负相关。COVID-19 病例的增加与失业工人的增加有关。在年度分析中，人均国内生产总值或人均债务均与所考虑的任何流行病学指标均无关。分析的每个时间段的社会经济和流行病学指标的典型模型均具有统计学意义（0.80-0.91 < 0.05）。
总之，在西班牙 COVID-19 大流行期间，超额死亡率、发病率、病死率和失业率构成了衡量大流行影响的最佳指标组。这些广泛可用的指标可以为未来的疫情爆发提供有价值的信息给政策制定者和高级管理人员。
