Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
Fight Food Waste Cooperative Research Centre, Wine Innovation Central Building Level 1, Waite Campus, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia.
Molecules. 2022 Nov 3;27(21):7500. doi: 10.3390/molecules27217500.
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, L.) larvae are characterized by their ability to convert a variety of organic matter from food waste into a sustainable source of food (e.g., protein). This study aimed to evaluate the use of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy to monitor changes in the composition as well as to classify black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) samples collected from two growth stages (fifth and sixth instar) and two waste stream diets (bread and vegetables, soy waste). The BSFL samples were fed on either a soy or bread-vegetable mix waste in a control environment (temperature 25 °C, and humidity 70%). The frass and BSFL samples harvested as fifth and sixth instar samples were analyzed using an ATR-MIR instrument where frequencies at specific wavenumbers were compared and evaluated using different chemometric techniques. The PLS regression models yield a coefficient of determination in cross-validation (R2) > 0.80 for the prediction of the type of waste used as diet. The results of this study also indicated that the ratio between the absorbances corresponding to the amide group (1635 cm−1) and lipids (2921 + 2849 cm−1) region was higher in diets containing a high proportion of carbohydrates (e.g., bread-vegetable mix) compared with the soy waste diet. This study demonstrated the ability of MIR spectroscopy to classify BSFL instar samples according to the type of waste stream used as a diet. Overall, ATR-MIR spectroscopy has shown potential to be used as tool to evaluate and monitor the development and growth of BSFL. The utilization of MIR spectroscopy will allow for the development of traceability systems for BSFL. These tools will aid in risk evaluation and the identification of hazards associated with the process, thereby assisting in improving the safety and quality of BSFL intended to be used by the animal feed industry.
黑水虻（Hermetia illucens，L.）幼虫的特点是能够将各种有机废物转化为可持续的食物来源（例如蛋白质）。本研究旨在评估衰减全反射（ATR）中红外（MIR）光谱在监测组成变化以及分类来自两个生长阶段（第五和第六龄）和两种废物流饮食（面包和蔬菜、大豆废物）的黑水虻幼虫（BSFL）样本中的应用。BSFL 样本在控制环境（温度 25°C，湿度 70%）中以大豆或面包-蔬菜混合物废物喂养。收获的第五和第六龄的 BSFL 样本的虫粪和 BSFL 样本使用 ATR-MIR 仪器进行分析，其中比较了特定波数处的频率，并使用不同的化学计量技术进行了评估。PLS 回归模型在交叉验证（R2）> 0.80 时，可用于预测用作饮食的废物类型。该研究的结果还表明，与大豆废物饮食相比，含有高比例碳水化合物（例如面包-蔬菜混合物）的饮食中酰胺基团（1635 cm-1）和脂质（2921 + 2849 cm-1）区域的吸收比更高。本研究表明，MIR 光谱能够根据用作饮食的废物流类型对 BSFL 龄期样本进行分类。总体而言，ATR-MIR 光谱已显示出有潜力用作评估和监测 BSFL 发育和生长的工具。MIR 光谱的利用将允许开发 BSFL 的可追溯性系统。这些工具将有助于评估风险和识别与该过程相关的危害，从而有助于提高动物饲料行业计划使用的 BSFL 的安全性和质量。
