School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Jan 31;24(3):924. doi: 10.3390/s24030924.
Edible insects have been recognised as an alternative food or feed ingredient due to their protein value for both humans and domestic animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of both near- (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy to identify and quantify the level of adulteration of cricket powder added into two plant proteins: chickpea and flaxseed meal flour. Cricket flour (CKF) was added to either commercial chickpea (CPF) or flaxseed meal flour (FxMF) at different ratios of 95:5% /, 90:10% /, 85:15% /, 80:20% /, 75:25% /, 70:30% /, 65:35% /, 60:40% /, or 50:50% /. The mixture samples were analysed using an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) MIR instrument and a Fourier transform (FT) NIR instrument. The partial least squares (PLS) cross-validation statistics based on the MIR spectra showed that the coefficient of determination (R) and the standard error in cross-validation (SECV) were 0.94 and 6.68%, 0.91 and 8.04%, and 0.92 and 4.33% for the ALL, CPF vs. CKF, and FxMF vs. CKF mixtures, respectively. The results based on NIR showed that the cross-validation statistics R and SECV were 0.95 and 3.16%, 0.98 and 1.74%, and 0.94 and 3.27% using all the samples analyzed together (ALL), the CPF vs. CKF mixture, and the FxMF vs. CKF mixture, respectively. The results of this study showed the effect of the matrix (type of flour) on the PLS-DA data in both the classification results and the PLS loadings used by the models. The different combination of flours (mixtures) showed differences in the absorbance values at specific wavenumbers in the NIR range that can be used to classify the presence of CKF. Research in this field is valuable in advancing the application of vibrational spectroscopy as routine tools in food analysis and quality control.
食用昆虫因其蛋白质价值而被认为是人类和家畜的替代食品或饲料成分。本研究的目的是评估近红外（NIR）和中红外（MIR）光谱技术识别和定量鉴定蟋蟀粉掺入两种植物蛋白（鹰嘴豆和亚麻籽粉）中水平的能力。将蟋蟀粉（CKF）以 95:5% / 、90:10% / 、85:15% / 、80:20% / 、75:25% / 、70:30% / 、65:35% / 、60:40% / 或 50:50% / 的不同比例添加到商业鹰嘴豆粉（CPF）或亚麻籽粉（FxMF）中。使用衰减全反射（ATR）MIR 仪器和傅里叶变换（FT）NIR 仪器对混合样品进行分析。基于 MIR 光谱的偏最小二乘（PLS）交叉验证统计结果表明，ALL、CPF 与 CKF 和 FxMF 与 CKF 混合物的决定系数（R）和交叉验证标准误差（SECV）分别为 0.94 和 6.68%、0.91 和 8.04%以及 0.92 和 4.33%。基于 NIR 的结果表明，使用所有分析样品（ALL）、CPF 与 CKF 混合物和 FxMF 与 CKF 混合物，交叉验证统计 R 和 SECV 分别为 0.95 和 3.16%、0.98 和 1.74%以及 0.94 和 3.27%。本研究结果表明，基质（面粉类型）对 PLS-DA 数据的分类结果和模型使用的 PLS 载荷有影响。不同面粉（混合物）的组合在 NIR 范围内的特定波数处显示出吸收值的差异，可用于对 CKF 的存在进行分类。该领域的研究对于推进振动光谱作为食品分析和质量控制的常规工具的应用具有重要价值。
