School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM), Autopista Duarte, Km 1 1/2, Santiago de los Caballeros 51000, Dominican Republic.
Center of Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University, Comunidad Valenciana, 03202 Elche, Spain.
Nutrients. 2022 Oct 26;14(21):4481. doi: 10.3390/nu14214481.
Despite the high prevalence of sports supplement (SS) use, efforts to profile users have not been conclusive. Studies report that 30-95% of recreational exercisers and elite athletes use SS. Research found has mostly focused on demographic and sports variables to profile SS users, but little research has studied the psychological factors that may influence the use of SS. The purpose of this investigation was to classify, describe, and differentiate the profile of users and non-users of SS, considering demographic, sports, and psychological variables. A total of 554 participants completed the questionnaire. Overall, 45% of recreational exercisers and elite athletes reported using supplements. There were significant differences found regarding the use of SS between men and women (51% vs. 49%, = 0.002; OR = 1.799), and when training 4 or more days per week ( ≤ 0.001; OR = 1.526). Findings regarding the psychological variables have been found in the Adonis Complex. These results indicate that participants with greater concerns regarding physical appearance, tend to be SS users ( = 0.001; OR = 1.200). The results of this study fill a gap in previous research, and provide an approximate profile, including demographic, sports, and psychological variables of SS users.
尽管运动补剂（SS）的使用非常普遍，但对使用者进行分析的努力尚未得出明确结论。研究报告显示，30-95%的娱乐性锻炼者和精英运动员使用 SS。研究主要集中在人口统计学和运动变量上，以分析 SS 用户的特征，但很少有研究探讨可能影响 SS 使用的心理因素。本研究的目的是根据人口统计学、运动和心理变量对 SS 用户和非用户进行分类、描述和区分。共有 554 名参与者完成了问卷。总体而言，45%的娱乐性锻炼者和精英运动员报告使用补充剂。在男性和女性之间（51%对 49%， = 0.002；OR = 1.799），以及每周训练 4 天或以上时（ ≤ 0.001；OR = 1.526），发现 SS 的使用存在显著差异。在 Adonis Complex 中发现了与心理变量相关的结果。这些结果表明，对身体外貌更关注的参与者更倾向于使用 SS（ = 0.001；OR = 1.200）。本研究的结果填补了先前研究的空白，并提供了 SS 用户的近似特征，包括人口统计学、运动和心理变量。
