Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, PhayaThai Road, Phatumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Nutrients. 2022 Oct 28;14(21):4538. doi: 10.3390/nu14214538.
Pre-diabetic or early-stage type 2 diabetes patients may develop an adverse diabetic progression, leading to several complications and increasing hospitalization rates. Mulberry leaves, which contain 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), have been used as a complementary medicine for diabetes prevention and treatment. Our recent study demonstrated that mulberry leaf powder with 12 mg of DNJ improves postprandial hyperglycemia, fasting plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. However, the detailed mechanisms are still unknown. This study investigates the effect of long-term (12-week) supplementation of mulberry leaves in obese people with prediabetes and patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes. Participants' blood was collected before and after supplementation. The protein profile of the plasma was examined by proteomics. In addition, the mitochondrial function was evaluated by energetic and homeostatic markers using immunoelectron microscopy. The proteomics results showed that, from a total of 1291 proteins, 32 proteins were related to diabetes pathogenesis. Retinol-binding protein 4 and haptoglobin protein were downregulated, which are associated with insulin resistance and inflammation, respectively. For mitochondrial function, the haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing protein 3 (HDHD-3) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1) displayed a significant increment in the after treatment group. In summary, administration of mulberry leaf powder extract in prediabetes and the early stage of diabetes can alleviate insulin resistance and inflammation and promote mitochondrial function in terms of energy production and fission.
糖尿病前期或 2 型糖尿病早期患者可能会出现不良的糖尿病进展，导致多种并发症并增加住院率。桑叶中含有 1-脱氧野尻霉素（DNJ），已被用作糖尿病预防和治疗的辅助药物。我们最近的研究表明，含有 12 毫克 DNJ 的桑叶粉可以改善餐后高血糖、空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白。然而，其详细机制仍不清楚。本研究探讨了长期（12 周）补充桑叶对肥胖糖尿病前期患者和早期 2 型糖尿病患者的影响。在补充前后采集参与者的血液。通过蛋白质组学检查血浆的蛋白质谱。此外，还通过免疫电子显微镜使用能量和动态平衡标志物评估线粒体功能。蛋白质组学结果表明，在总共 1291 种蛋白质中，有 32 种蛋白质与糖尿病发病机制有关。视黄醇结合蛋白 4 和触珠蛋白的表达下调，分别与胰岛素抵抗和炎症有关。就线粒体功能而言，卤酸脱卤酶样水解酶结构域蛋白 3（HDHD-3）和动力相关蛋白 1（Drp-1）在治疗后组中显示出显著增加。总之，糖尿病前期和早期糖尿病患者服用桑叶粉提取物可以减轻胰岛素抵抗和炎症，并在能量产生和裂变方面促进线粒体功能。
