Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, San Jorge University Hospital, Martínez de Velasco Avenue 36, 22004 Huesca, Spain.
Digestive Disease Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinic Hospital, San Juan Bosco Avenue 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Nutrients. 2022 Oct 31;14(21):4570. doi: 10.3390/nu14214570.
This review summarizes the main pancreatic diseases from a nutritional approach. Nutrition is a cornerstone of pancreatic disease and is sometimes undervalued. An early identification of malnutrition is the first step in maintaining an adequate nutritional status in acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Following a proper diet is a pillar in the treatment of pancreatic diseases and, often, nutritional counseling becomes essential. In addition, some patients will require oral nutritional supplements and fat-soluble vitamins to combat certain deficiencies. Other patients will require enteral nutrition by nasoenteric tube or total parenteral nutrition in order to maintain the requirements, depending on the pathology and its consequences. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, defined as a significant decrease in pancreatic enzymes or bicarbonate until the digestive function is impaired, is common in pancreatic diseases and is the main cause of malnutrition. Pancreatic enzymes therapy allows for the management of these patients. Nutrition can improve the nutritional status and quality of life of these patients and may even improve life expectancy in patients with pancreatic cancer. For this reason, nutrition must maintain the importance it deserves.
这篇综述从营养角度总结了主要的胰腺疾病。营养是胰腺疾病的基石，有时却被低估了。早期识别营养不良是在急性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎和胰腺癌中维持充足营养状态的第一步。合理饮食是胰腺疾病治疗的重要支柱，通常情况下，营养咨询变得至关重要。此外，一些患者需要口服营养补充剂和脂溶性维生素来治疗某些缺乏症。其他患者则需要通过鼻肠管或全胃肠外营养来满足需求，具体取决于病理及其后果。胰腺外分泌功能不全定义为胰腺酶或碳酸氢盐显著减少，导致消化功能受损，在胰腺疾病中很常见，也是营养不良的主要原因。胰腺酶治疗可用于这些患者的管理。营养可以改善这些患者的营养状况和生活质量，甚至可能提高胰腺癌患者的预期寿命。因此，营养必须保持其应有的重要地位。
