Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Nutrients. 2022 Nov 6;14(21):4695. doi: 10.3390/nu14214695.
An intricate relationship between gut microbiota, diet, and the human body has recently been extensively investigated. Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites, especially, tryptophan derivatives, modulate metabolic and immune functions in health and disease. One of the tryptophan derivatives, indolepropionic acid (IPA), is increasingly being studied as a marker for the onset and development of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The IPA levels heavily depend on the diet, particularly dietary fiber, and show huge variations among individuals. We suggest that these variations could partially be explained using genetic variants known to be associated with specific diseases such as T2D. In this narrative review, we elaborate on the beneficial effects of IPA in the mitigation of T2D and NAFLD, and further study the putative interactions between IPA and well-known genetic variants (, , and ), known to be associated with the risk of T2D. We have investigated the long-term preventive value of IPA in the development of T2D in the Finnish prediabetic population and the correlation of IPA with phytosterols in obese individuals from an ongoing Kuopio obesity surgery study. The diversity in IPA-linked mechanisms affecting glucose metabolism and liver fibrosis makes it a unique small metabolite and a promising candidate for the reversal or management of metabolic disorders, mainly T2D and NAFLD.
最近，人们广泛研究了肠道微生物群、饮食与人体之间错综复杂的关系。肠道微生物群和肠道衍生代谢物，尤其是色氨酸衍生物，在健康和疾病中调节代谢和免疫功能。色氨酸衍生物之一吲哚丙酸（IPA）越来越多地被研究作为代谢紊乱（包括 2 型糖尿病（T2D）和非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD））发生和发展的标志物。IPA 水平高度依赖于饮食，尤其是膳食纤维，并且个体之间存在巨大差异。我们认为，这些差异可以部分用已知与特定疾病（如 T2D）相关的遗传变异来解释。在本叙述性综述中，我们详细阐述了 IPA 在减轻 T2D 和 NAFLD 方面的有益作用，并进一步研究了 IPA 与众所周知的遗传变异（rs7564665、rs731549 和 rs10830963）之间的假定相互作用，这些变异已知与 T2D 的风险相关。我们研究了 IPA 在芬兰前驱糖尿病人群中发展为 T2D 的长期预防价值，以及在一项正在进行的库奥皮奥肥胖手术研究中，IPA 与肥胖个体植物甾醇的相关性。影响葡萄糖代谢和肝纤维化的 IPA 相关机制的多样性使其成为一种独特的小分子代谢物，是逆转或管理代谢紊乱（主要是 T2D 和 NAFLD）的有希望的候选物。
