Jin Mengzhe, Li Hao, Liu Shanghe
Hebei Key Laboratory for Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Information Processing, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050003, China.
National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment Effects, Army Engineering University of PLA, Shijiazhuang 050043, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Nov 6;22(21):8538. doi: 10.3390/s22218538.
The measurement of the transient pulsed electromagnetic (EM) field is essential for analyzing electromagnetic compatibility. Due to their good performance, D-dot sensors, combined with numerical integration computation for signal recovery, are commonly used to measure electromagnetic pulses (EMPs). However, the integration approach is occasionally flawed due to a non-ideal frequency response or noise, causing distortions in the reconstructed signal. In order to better understand the dynamic performance of the sensor, a nonlinear Hammerstein model is employed in the system identification for the sensor with the calibration data collected in the laboratory environment. When identifying the linear component based on the ultra-wideband characteristics of the measured transient pulse, a two-step identification approach with two different pulse excitation modes, low frequency and high frequency, is utilized to conduct the modeling across the entire frequency range. Based on the reliable identification and modeling of the D-dot sensor, a compensation system that corresponds to the nonlinear Hammerstein model has been developed for the practical signal recovery of the incident E-field. After compensation, the dynamic characteristics of the sensor are significantly improved, and the system compensation approach outperforms the integration method in signal recovery for the incident E-field.
瞬态脉冲电磁场（EM）的测量对于分析电磁兼容性至关重要。由于其良好的性能，D-dot传感器结合用于信号恢复的数值积分计算，通常用于测量电磁脉冲（EMP）。然而，由于非理想的频率响应或噪声，积分方法偶尔会存在缺陷，导致重建信号失真。为了更好地理解传感器的动态性能，在系统辨识中采用非线性哈默斯坦模型对在实验室环境中收集校准数据的传感器进行分析。在基于测量瞬态脉冲的超宽带特性识别线性分量时，采用具有低频和高频两种不同脉冲激励模式的两步识别方法在整个频率范围内进行建模。基于对D-dot传感器的可靠识别和建模，开发了一种与非线性哈默斯坦模型相对应的补偿系统，用于入射电场的实际信号恢复。经过补偿后，传感器的动态特性得到显著改善，并且在入射电场的信号恢复方面，系统补偿方法优于积分方法。
