Department of Business Administration, University of Verona, Polo S. Marta, Via Cantarane 24, 37129, Verona, Italy.
Department of Economics, University of Verona, Polo S. Marta, Via Cantarane 24, 37129, Verona, Italy.
Int J Health Econ Manag. 2023 Jun;23(2):189-212. doi: 10.1007/s10754-022-09338-5. Epub 2022 Nov 11.
This paper analyses the influence of several determinants on life expectancy at birth in 36 OECD countries over the 1999-2018 period. We utilized a cross-country fixed-effects multiple regression analysis with year and country dummies and used dynamic models, backward stepwise selection, and Arellano-Bond estimators to treat potential endogeneity issues. The results show the influence of per capita health-care expenditure, incidence of out-of-pocket expenditure, physician density, hospital bed density, social spending, GDP level, participation ratio to labour, prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases, temperature, and total size of the population on life expectancy at birth. In line with previous studies, this analysis confirms the relevance of both health care expenditure and health care system (physicians and hospital beds in our analysis) in influencing a country's population life expectancy. It also outlines the importance of other factors related to population behaviour and social spending jointly considered on this outcome. Policy makers should carefully consider these mutual influences when allocating public funds, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic period.
本文分析了 1999 年至 2018 年间 36 个经合组织国家出生时预期寿命的几个决定因素的影响。我们利用带有年份和国家哑变量的跨国固定效应多元回归分析，并使用动态模型、向后逐步选择和 Arellano-Bond 估计量来处理潜在的内生性问题。结果表明，人均医疗保健支出、自付支出发生率、医生密度、医院床位密度、社会支出、国内生产总值水平、劳动力参与率、慢性呼吸道疾病患病率、温度和人口总量对出生时预期寿命有影响。与先前的研究一致，这项分析证实了医疗保健支出和医疗保健系统（我们分析中的医生和医院床位）在影响一个国家的人口预期寿命方面的相关性。它还强调了与人口行为和社会支出相关的其他因素在共同考虑这一结果时的重要性。在 COVID-19 大流行期间之后，决策者在分配公共资金时应仔细考虑这些相互影响。
