Yang Lin, Friedenreich Christine M
Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Prev Med. 2023 Jan;166:107342. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107342. Epub 2022 Nov 9.
Preventive interventions targeting tobacco, alcohol, healthy diets and physical activity are key strategies to tackle the most pressing health challenges in modern society. A major gap remains in how to translate research evidence into population-level behaviour change to reduce the disease burden. We use the case for the role of physical activity-related behaviour and cancer to illustrate the iterative, multidirectional, and transdisciplinary nature of translational research. The issues we address in this context are generalizable and applicable to other behavioral risk factors and non-communicable diseases. There is now solid evidence that physical activity reduces cancer risk and improves outcomes after cancer diagnosis. Here we provide a framework for how to implement this knowledge into real-world settings. We provide the rationale for combining systems, causal and design thinking to develop interventions that can be implemented for this type of behaviour change. The proposed model is iterative, multidirectional and transdisciplinary. We identify major knowledge gaps in epidemiology and science of behaviour change on physical activity and cancer control and propose approaches to suggest priorities for future research.
针对烟草、酒精、健康饮食和体育活动的预防性干预措施是应对现代社会最紧迫健康挑战的关键策略。在如何将研究证据转化为人群层面的行为改变以减轻疾病负担方面，仍然存在重大差距。我们以体育活动相关行为和癌症的作用为例，来说明转化研究的迭代性、多方向性和跨学科性质。我们在此背景下探讨的问题具有普遍性，适用于其他行为风险因素和非传染性疾病。现在有确凿证据表明，体育活动可降低患癌风险，并改善癌症诊断后的治疗效果。在此，我们提供一个将这一知识应用于现实环境的框架。我们阐述了结合系统思维、因果思维和设计思维来开发可用于此类行为改变的干预措施的基本原理。所提出的模型具有迭代性、多方向性和跨学科性。我们确定了体育活动与癌症控制方面流行病学和行为改变科学中的主要知识差距，并提出了为未来研究确定优先事项的方法。
