College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
J Periodontol. 2023 Apr;94(4):575-585. doi: 10.1002/JPER.22-0333. Epub 2023 Jan 6.
The oral commensal bacterial species Streptococcus gordonii has been reported to regulate the inflammation of oral epithelial cells stimulated by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This study investigated the activities of S. gordonii metabolites in S. gordonii spent culture supernatants (Sg-SCS) on periodontal-related bacterial growth and periodontitis-associated inflammatory cytokines.
Sg-SCS was collected from S. gordonii cultures grown in Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium and added to the growth media of representative health- and disease-related oral species: S. gordonii, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, P. gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. The Sg-SCS was also tested for its ability to regulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by human macrophages, epithelial cells, and gingival fibroblasts upon stimulation with P. gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS).
Sg-SCS significantly reduced transcript and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, 6, and 8 induced by Pg-LPS stimulation in multiple types of periodontal cells. mRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses indicated that Sg-SCS significantly affects 10 inflammatory pathways. Additionally, Sg-SCS exhibited suppression of the growth of periodontal disease-related bacteria, including T. denticola and P. gingivalis, along with the primary plaque-colonizing species S. oralis. At a low concentration, Sg-SCS also inhibits P. gingivalis adhesion.
These results strongly suggest that S. gordonii-derived SCS contains metabolites that have anti-inflammatory properties and an ability to inhibit periodontitis-associated pathogenic bacteria. Further investigation will be needed to identify the individual metabolites within the Sg-SCS to develop a novel metabolite-based approach to treating and preventing periodontitis.
口腔共生细菌物种戈登链球菌已被报道可调节牙周病病原体牙龈卟啉单胞菌刺激的口腔上皮细胞的炎症。本研究调查了戈登链球菌消耗培养上清液（Sg-SCS）中 S. gordonii 代谢物在牙周相关细菌生长和牙周炎相关炎症细胞因子方面的活性。
从在 Dulbecco 改良 Eagle 培养基中生长的 S. gordonii 培养物中收集 Sg-SCS，并将其添加到代表健康和疾病相关口腔物种的生长培养基中：S. gordonii、Streptococcus sanguinis、Streptococcus mitis、Streptococcus oralis、P. gingivalis、Tannerella forsythia 和 Treponema denticola。还测试了 Sg-SCS 调节人巨噬细胞、上皮细胞和牙龈成纤维细胞在牙龈卟啉单胞菌衍生脂多糖（Pg-LPS）刺激下表达促炎细胞因子的能力。
Sg-SCS 显著降低了 Pg-LPS 刺激多种牙周细胞诱导的白细胞介素（IL）-1β、6 和 8 的转录和蛋白水平。mRNA 测序和生物信息学分析表明，Sg-SCS 显著影响 10 条炎症途径。此外，Sg-SCS 还抑制了牙周病相关细菌的生长，包括 T. denticola 和 P. gingivalis 以及主要定植于斑块的物种 S. oralis。在低浓度下，Sg-SCS 还抑制了 P. gingivalis 的粘附。
这些结果强烈表明，源自 S. gordonii 的 SCS 含有具有抗炎特性和抑制牙周病相关病原菌的能力的代谢物。需要进一步研究以鉴定 Sg-SCS 中的单个代谢物，以开发一种基于新型代谢物的治疗和预防牙周炎的方法。
