Bacha Aziz-Ur-Rahim, Nabi Iqra, Zaheer Muhammad, Jin Wenbiao, Yang Lei
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 1;858(Pt 3):160108. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160108. Epub 2022 Nov 9.
Plastic waste has gained remarkable research attention due to its accumulation, associated environmental issues, and impact on living organisms. In order to overcome this challenge, there is an urgent need for its removal from the environment. Under this menace, finding appropriate treatment methods like biodegradation instead of typical treatment methods is of supreme importance. However, there is a limited review on bio-decomposition of plastics, existing microbial species, their degradation efficacy, and mechanism. From this point of view, this study focused on a brief overview of biodegradation such as influencing factors on biodegradation, existing species for macro- and micro-plastics, and present research gap. Degradation percentage, limitations of existing species, and future recommendations are proposed. Microbial species such as bacteria, algae, and fungi have the ability to decompose plastics but they are unable to completely mineralize the plastics. Meanwhile, there is limited knowledge about the involved enzymes in plastics degradation, especially in the case of algae. Bio-decomposition of plastics requires more stringent conditions which are usually feasible for field application. This work will be a reference for new researchers to use this effective strategy for plastic pollution removal.
由于塑料垃圾的积累、相关环境问题以及对生物的影响，它已引起了显著的研究关注。为了应对这一挑战，迫切需要将其从环境中清除。在这种威胁下，寻找诸如生物降解等合适的处理方法而非传统处理方法至关重要。然而，关于塑料生物分解、现有微生物种类、它们的降解效果及机制的综述有限。从这一角度出发，本研究聚焦于对生物降解的简要概述，如生物降解的影响因素、宏观和微观塑料的现有种类以及当前的研究差距。提出了降解百分比、现有种类的局限性及未来建议。细菌、藻类和真菌等微生物种类有分解塑料的能力，但它们无法使塑料完全矿化。同时，关于塑料降解所涉及的酶的知识有限，尤其是在藻类方面。塑料的生物分解需要更严格的条件，而这些条件通常在现场应用中可行。这项工作将为新研究人员使用这种有效策略去除塑料污染提供参考。
