Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes of the superficial marginal periodontium caused by orthodontic treatment with fixed metallic orthodontic appliances.

Malocclusions negatively influence dental function, physical well-being, and quality of life. According to data provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), malocclusions represent the third most widespread oral health problem, after dental caries and periodontal diseases. In recent years, more and more people call for orthodontic treatment with fixed braces that aim at establishing a dental, aesthetic, and functional balance, compatible with a normal life. Our study assessed the histopathological and immunohistochemical changes that occurred in superficial marginal periodontal components, in a number of 23 patients diagnosed with malocclusions, as a result of orthodontic treatment with fixed metal braces. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the remodeling of the tissues in the superficial periodontium during orthodontic migration, microscopic aspects that are essential to evaluate the effectiveness of the orthodontic treatment.