Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Ajitgarh, Punjab, 140306, India.
Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 595 Medical Science Building, 550 First Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
Sci Rep. 2022 Nov 14;12(1):19536. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23674-z.
Cold stress is a critical environmental challenge that affects an organism's fitness-related traits. In Drosophila, increased resistance to specific environmental stress may lead to increased resistance to other kinds of stress. In the present study, we aimed to understand whether increased cold stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster can facilitate their ability to tolerate other environmental stresses. For the current study, we used successfully selected replicate populations of D. melanogaster against cold shock and their control population. These selected populations have evolved several reproductive traits, including increased egg viability, mating frequency, male mating ability, ability to sire progenies, and faster recovery for mating latency under cold shock conditions. In the present work, we investigated egg viability and mating frequency with and without heat and cold shock conditions in the selected and their control populations. We also examined resistance to cold shock, heat shock, desiccation, starvation, and survival post-challenge with Staphylococcus succinus subsp. succinus PK-1 in the selected and their control populations. After cold-shock treatment, we found a 1.25 times increase in egg viability and a 1.57 times increase in mating frequency in the selected populations compared to control populations. Moreover, more males (0.87 times) and females (1.66 times) of the selected populations survived under cold shock conditions relative to their controls. After being subjected to heat shock, the selected population's egg viability and mating frequency increased by 0.30 times and 0.57 times, respectively, compared to control populations. Additionally, more selected males (0.31 times) and females (0.98 times) survived under heat shock conditions compared to the control populations. Desiccation resistance slightly increased in the females of the selected populations relative to their control, but we observed no change in the case of males. Starvation resistance decreased in males and females of the selected populations compared to their controls. Our findings suggest that the increased resistance to cold shock correlates with increased tolerance to heat stress, but this evolved resistance comes at a cost, with decreased tolerance to starvation.
冷应激是一种影响生物体适应相关特征的关键环境挑战。在果蝇中，对特定环境胁迫的抵抗力增加可能导致对其他类型胁迫的抵抗力增加。在本研究中，我们旨在了解果蝇对冷应激的抵抗力增加是否有助于它们耐受其他环境应激的能力。在当前的研究中，我们使用了成功选择的抗冷激的果蝇重复种群及其对照种群。这些选择的种群已经进化出了几种繁殖特征，包括增加卵的存活率、交配频率、雄性交配能力、生育后代的能力以及在冷激条件下交配潜伏期的更快恢复。在本工作中，我们研究了选择种群及其对照种群在有热和冷激条件下以及没有热和冷激条件下的卵存活率和交配频率。我们还检查了选择种群及其对照种群对冷激、热激、干燥、饥饿和挑战后对金黄色葡萄球菌亚种 PK-1 的生存能力。在冷激处理后，我们发现选择种群的卵存活率比对照种群增加了 1.25 倍，交配频率增加了 1.57 倍。此外，选择种群的更多雄性（0.87 倍）和雌性（1.66 倍）在冷激条件下存活下来。在受到热激后，选择种群的卵存活率和交配频率分别比对照种群增加了 0.30 倍和 0.57 倍。此外，更多的选择雄性（0.31 倍）和雌性（0.98 倍）在热激条件下存活下来。与对照种群相比，选择种群的雌性干燥抵抗能力略有增加，但雄性没有变化。与对照种群相比，选择种群的雄性和雌性饥饿抵抗能力下降。我们的发现表明，对冷激的抵抗力增加与对热应激的耐受性增加相关，但这种进化而来的抵抗力是有代价的，会降低对饥饿的耐受性。
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