Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Planta. 2022 Nov 14;256(6):117. doi: 10.1007/s00425-022-04031-w.
Members of Apiales are monophyletic and radiated in the Late Cretaceous. Fruit morphologies are critical for Apiales evolution and negative selection and mutation pressure play important roles in environmental adaptation. Apiales include many foods, spices, medicinal, and ornamental plants, but the phylogenetic relationships, origin and divergence, and adaptive evolution remain poorly understood. Here, we reconstructed Apiales phylogeny based on 72 plastid genes from 280 species plastid genomes representing six of seven families of this order. Highly supported phylogenetic relationships were detected, which revealed that each family of Apiales is monophyletic and confirmed that Pennanticeae is a member of Apiales. Genera Centella and Dickinsia are members of Apiaceae, and the genus Hydrocotyle previously classified into Apiaceae is confirmed to belong to Araliaceae. Besides, coalescent phylogenetic analysis and gene trees cluster revealed ten genes that can be used for distinguishing species among families of Apiales. Molecular dating suggested that the Apiales originated during the mid-Cretaceous (109.51 Ma), with the families' radiation occurring in the Late Cretaceous. Apiaceae species exhibit higher differentiation compared to other families. Ancestral trait reconstruction suggested that fruit morphological evolution may be related to shifts in plant types (herbaceous or woody), which in turn is related to the distribution areas and species numbers. Codon bias and positive selection analyses suggest that negative selection and mutation pressure may play important roles in environmental adaptation of Apiales members. Our results improve the phylogenetic framework of Apiales and provide insights into the origin, divergence, and adaptive evolution of this order and its members.
单子叶植物金粟兰目的成员是单系的，并在白垩纪晚期辐射演化。果实形态对于金粟兰目进化具有重要意义，负选择和突变压力在环境适应中发挥着重要作用。金粟兰目包括许多食物、香料、药用和观赏植物，但系统发育关系、起源和分化以及适应性进化仍知之甚少。本研究基于来自 280 种代表该目 7 科中的 6 科的质体基因组的 72 个质体基因重建了金粟兰目系统发育关系。得到了高度支持的系统发育关系，揭示了每个金粟兰目科都是单系的，并确认了 Pennanticeae 是金粟兰目的成员。属 Centella 和 Dickinsia 是伞形科的成员，先前分类为伞形科的属 Hydrocotyle 被确认为五加科的成员。此外，合并系统发育分析和基因树聚类显示了 10 个可用于区分金粟兰目科间物种的基因。分子钟分析表明，金粟兰目起源于白垩纪中期（109.51 Ma），其科的辐射发生在白垩纪晚期。与其他科相比，伞形科的物种分化程度更高。祖先性状重建表明，果实形态的演化可能与植物类型（草本或木本）的转变有关，而植物类型的转变又与分布区和物种数量有关。密码子偏性和正选择分析表明，负选择和突变压力可能在金粟兰目成员的环境适应中发挥重要作用。我们的研究结果改进了金粟兰目的系统发育框架，并为该目的起源、分化和适应性进化及其成员提供了新的见解。
