Ickmans Kelly, Rheel Emma, Rezende Juliana, Reis Felipe José Jandre
Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103 - building B, BE-1090, Brussels, Belgium.
Movement & Nutrition for Health & Performance research group (MOVE), Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
Arch Physiother. 2022 Nov 15;12(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s40945-022-00151-4.
Pain affects everyone hence one can argue that it is in each individual's interest to understand pain in order to hold correct and adaptive beliefs and attitudes about pain. In addition, chronic pain is reaching pandemic proportions and it is now well known that people living with chronic pain have a reduced life expectancy. To address and to prevent the growth of this public health disaster, we must start looking beyond adulthood. How children view pain has an impact on their behavioral coping responses which in turn predict persistent pain early in the lifespan. In addition, children who suffer from chronic pain and who are not (properly) treated for it before adolescence have an increased risk of having chronic pain during their adult life. Explaining pain to children and youth may have a tremendous impact not only on the individual child suffering from chronic pain but also on society, since the key to stop the pain pandemic may well lie in the first two decades of life. In order to facilitate the acquisition of adaptive behavioral coping responses, pain education aims to shift people's view on pain from being an apparent threat towards being a compelling perceptual experience generated by the brain that will only arise whenever the conceivable proof of danger to the body is greater than the conceivable proof of safety to the body. Nowadays a lot of pain education material is available for adults, but it is not adapted to children's developmental stage and therefore little or not suitable for them. An overview of the state-of-the-art pain education material for children and youth is provided here, along with its current and future areas of application as well as challenges to its development and delivery. Research on pediatric pain education is still in its infancy and many questions remain to be answered within this emerging field of investigation.
疼痛影响着每一个人，因此可以说，为了对疼痛持有正确且适应性的信念和态度，了解疼痛符合每个人的利益。此外，慢性疼痛正呈流行趋势，现在众所周知，患有慢性疼痛的人的预期寿命会缩短。为了解决并防止这一公共卫生灾难的加剧，我们必须把目光投向成年期之外。儿童对疼痛的看法会影响他们的行为应对反应，而这反过来又能预测生命早期的持续性疼痛。此外，患有慢性疼痛且在青春期前未得到（恰当）治疗的儿童，成年后患慢性疼痛的风险会增加。向儿童和青少年解释疼痛不仅可能对患有慢性疼痛的个体儿童产生巨大影响，也可能对社会产生巨大影响，因为阻止疼痛流行的关键很可能就在于生命的头二十年。为了促进获得适应性的行为应对反应，疼痛教育旨在将人们对疼痛的看法从一种明显的威胁转变为大脑产生的一种强烈的感知体验，这种体验只有在身体面临的可想象的危险证据大于可想象的安全证据时才会出现。如今有很多针对成年人的疼痛教育材料，但这些材料并不适合儿童的发育阶段，因此很少或根本不适合他们。本文提供了一份针对儿童和青少年的最新疼痛教育材料概述，以及其当前和未来的应用领域，以及其开发和提供过程中面临的挑战。儿科疼痛教育研究仍处于起步阶段，在这个新兴的研究领域仍有许多问题有待解答。
