Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
J Occup Health. 2022 Jan;64(1):e12357. doi: 10.1002/1348-9585.12357.
Following the Fukushima nuclear accident in March 2011, decontamination and related works have been carried out over a wide area, mainly in Fukushima Prefecture. In November 2013, the Radiation Dose Registration and Management System for Decontamination Workers was established to manage the occupational exposure doses of workers engaged in such work. The Radiation Effects Association mainly operates the registration system. This paper summarizes existing reports on this system and occupational health issues among decontamination workers. We collected previous reports and related regulatory laws on occupational health management for decontamination workers working in Fukushima Prefecture, summarized the outline of the radiation dose registration and management system for these decontamination workers, and discussed future issues related to their health management. Approximately 100 000 decontamination workers were registered in the system as of 2020, but none showed radiation doses that exceeded the dose limit. To our knowledge, there have been no reports of decontamination workers presenting physical symptoms suspected to be related to radiation exposure. On the other hand, heatstroke countermeasures and anxiety about radiation exposure have been reported as possible issues in the occupational health management of decontamination workers. Although decontamination workers are unlikely to experience biological effects from radiation exposure, epidemiological studies are needed to examine this evidence. Further analysis is also needed on non-radiation effects, which pose occupational health concerns for decontamination workers. The registration system would allow for tracking decontamination workers, providing data for analyzing radiological and non-radiological effects.
继 2011 年 3 月福岛核事故之后，去污及相关工作已在大范围地区展开，主要在福岛县。2013 年 11 月，建立了《去污作业人员辐射剂量登记与管理系统》，以管理从事此类工作的作业人员的职业照射剂量。放射线影响研究所主要负责该登记系统的运营。本文总结了现有关于该系统以及去污作业人员职业健康问题的报告。我们收集了福岛县去污作业人员职业健康管理方面的既往报告和相关法规，概述了这些去污作业人员的辐射剂量登记和管理系统，讨论了与他们健康管理相关的未来问题。截至 2020 年，该系统共登记了约 10 万名去污作业人员，但他们的辐射剂量均未超过剂量限值。据我们所知，尚无去污作业人员出现疑似与辐射暴露有关的身体症状的报告。另一方面，中暑对策和对辐射暴露的担忧被报告为去污作业人员职业健康管理方面的可能问题。尽管去污作业人员不太可能受到辐射暴露的生物效应影响，但仍需要进行流行病学研究来验证这一证据。还需要对非放射性影响进行进一步分析，这些影响对去污作业人员的职业健康构成了关注。登记系统将能够追踪去污作业人员，为分析放射性和非放射性影响提供数据。
