UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Sector III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700106, India.
Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
Mikrochim Acta. 2022 Nov 15;189(12):447. doi: 10.1007/s00604-022-05545-6.
The interest in application of nanodiamonds as nanotheranostics is increasing rapidly over recent years. The combination of properties, such as high refractive index, low toxicity, inertness, high carrier capacity and rich surface functionalities, as well as unique magneto-optical properties of the nitrogen-vacancy centre, renders fluorescent nanodiamonds superior to other nanomaterials as nanotheranostics. In this review, the current state of research on the applications of nanodiamonds as theranostics where they have been utilised in combination with both diagnostics/imaging and therapy simultaneously is discussed. Firstly, a brief introduction to the current knowledge about the synthesis and properties of nitrogen-vacancy centre in nanodiamonds is given. Then, the underlying principles that are responsible for the magneto-optical properties of nitrogen-vacancy centre are explained. The majority of theranostic applications of nanodiamonds rely on the judicious engineering of their surface with bioactive molecules. In the following section, methods of engineering the surface of nanodiamonds while preserving their colloidal stability and their implication on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility are described. Subsequently, the recent developments and applications of nanodiamond conjugates as photo-theranostics and non-targeted and targeted theranostics are critically discussed. Co-delivery of specifically tailored nanodiamonds with both diagnostic/imaging and therapeutic features can considerably contribute towards nanotheranostics-based personalized medicine.
近年来，纳米金刚石作为纳米治疗学的应用越来越受到关注。其高折射率、低毒性、惰性、高载流能力和丰富的表面功能，以及氮空位中心的独特磁光特性的结合，使荧光纳米金刚石在作为纳米治疗学方面优于其他纳米材料。在这篇综述中，讨论了纳米金刚石作为治疗学的应用研究现状，它们已被同时用于诊断/成像和治疗。首先，简要介绍了氮空位中心在纳米金刚石中的合成和性质的最新知识。然后，解释了氮空位中心磁光特性的基本原理。大多数纳米金刚石的治疗应用都依赖于对其表面进行合理的生物活性分子工程。在接下来的部分中，描述了在保持胶体稳定性的同时对纳米金刚石表面进行工程设计的方法，以及它们对体外和体内生物相容性的影响。随后，批判性地讨论了纳米金刚石缀合物作为光疗和非靶向及靶向治疗学的最新进展和应用。具有特定诊断/成像和治疗功能的纳米金刚石的共同递送，可以极大地促进基于纳米治疗学的个性化医疗。
