Muraleedharan Anju, Acharya Sarbari, Kumar Ravindra
Department of Bioscience and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala, India, 673601.
Department of Life Science, School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, 751024.
ACS Omega. 2024 Oct 10;9(42):42613-42629. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05037. eCollection 2024 Oct 22.
Nanomedicine enables advanced therapeutics, diagnostics, and predictive analysis, enhancing treatment outcomes and patient care. The choices and development of high-quality organic nanoparticles with relatively lower toxicity are important for achieving advanced medical goals. Among organic molecules, proteins have been prospected as smart candidates to revolutionize nanomedicine due to their inherent fascinating features. The advent of protein nanoarchitectures, which explore the biomolecular corona, offers new insights into their efficient tissue penetration and therapeutic potential. This review examines various animal- and plant-based protein nanoparticles, highlighting their source, activity, products, and unique biomedical applications in regenerative medicine, targeted therapies, gene and drug delivery, antimicrobial activity, bioimaging, immunological adjuvants, etc. It provides an extensive discussion on recent applications of protein nanoparticles across diverse biomedical fields as well as the evolving landscape of other nanoproducts and nanodevices for sensitive medical procedures. Furthermore, this review introduces different preparation technologies of protein nanoparticles, emphasizing how their design and construction significantly influence loading capacity, stability, and targeting effects. Additionally, we delve into the construction of different user-friendly multifunctional modular bioarchitectures by the assembly of protein nanoparticles (PNPs), marking a significant breakthrough in therapies. This review also considers the challenges of synthetic nanomaterials and the emergence of natural alternatives, which provides insights into protein nanoparticle research.
纳米医学实现了先进的治疗、诊断和预测分析，提高了治疗效果和患者护理水平。选择和开发毒性相对较低的高质量有机纳米颗粒对于实现先进的医学目标至关重要。在有机分子中，蛋白质因其固有的迷人特性而被视为有望彻底改变纳米医学的理想候选者。探索生物分子冠层的蛋白质纳米结构的出现，为其高效的组织穿透和治疗潜力提供了新的见解。本文综述了各种基于动物和植物的蛋白质纳米颗粒，重点介绍了它们的来源、活性、产品以及在再生医学、靶向治疗、基因和药物递送、抗菌活性、生物成像、免疫佐剂等方面独特的生物医学应用。它广泛讨论了蛋白质纳米颗粒在不同生物医学领域的最新应用，以及用于敏感医疗程序的其他纳米产品和纳米设备的不断发展的情况。此外，本文综述介绍了蛋白质纳米颗粒的不同制备技术，强调了它们的设计和构建如何显著影响负载能力、稳定性和靶向效果。此外，我们深入探讨了通过蛋白质纳米颗粒（PNPs）组装构建不同的用户友好型多功能模块化生物结构，这标志着治疗领域的重大突破。本文综述还考虑了合成纳米材料的挑战以及天然替代品的出现，这为蛋白质纳米颗粒的研究提供了见解。
