da Silva Luiza Pinheiro Alves, Rapini Márcia Siqueira
Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2022 Nov 8;46:e194. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2022.194. eCollection 2022.
To analyze the World Health Organization's (WHO's) contribution to promotion of access to innovative technologies by assessing its initiatives on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research, development, and innovation.
A document search was done for previous criteria used by WHO working groups to evaluate innovation and access merits. Two sets of criteria were identified. One set was used to assess the suitability of existing mechanisms to coordinate research, development, and innovation and pool funds globally. The second set was used to measure success in implementing demonstration projects and consider the extent of innovative components being implemented by them. These criteria were applied to the COVID-19 Technology Access Pool (C-TAP) and Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A) initiatives. Scores were classified as: meets the criteria (2); partially meets the criteria (1); does not meet the criteria (0).
Both initiatives met all the first set of criteria. C-TAP, an initiative based on a patent pool and other open knowledge approaches, best met the second set of criteria, scoring 7 out of 12 points. ACT-A, based on pooled funds, advanced purchase agreements, and voluntary contributions, met none of the second set of criteria.
Equitable access to health technologies has been a recurring problem in recent pandemics and initiatives were proposed to prevent it. However, even though COVID-19 has been the greatest health crisis in the 21st century, market dynamics still prevailed. Income disparities between countries and lack of support for solidarity and a global health approach only aggravated the negative health and economic impacts.
通过评估世界卫生组织（WHO）在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）研究、开发和创新方面的举措，分析其对促进获取创新技术的贡献。
对WHO工作组先前用于评估创新和获取价值的标准进行文献检索。确定了两套标准。一套用于评估现有机制在全球范围内协调研究、开发和创新以及筹集资金的适用性。另一套用于衡量示范项目实施的成功程度，并考虑其中创新部分的实施程度。这些标准应用于COVID-19技术获取池（C-TAP）和COVID-19工具加速获取（ACT-A）倡议。分数分为：符合标准（2分）；部分符合标准（1分）；不符合标准（0分）。
两项倡议均符合第一套标准的所有要求。C-TAP倡议基于专利池和其他开放知识方法，最符合第二套标准，在12分中得7分。基于筹集资金、预购协议和自愿捐款的ACT-A倡议不符合第二套标准中的任何一项。
在近期的大流行中，公平获取卫生技术一直是一个反复出现的问题，为此提出了一些倡议来预防这一问题。然而，尽管COVID-19是21世纪最大的健康危机，但市场动态仍然占主导地位。国家之间的收入差距以及对团结和全球卫生方法缺乏支持，只会加剧负面的健康和经济影响。
