School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada.
Université de Moncton, Campus de Moncton, Pavillon Léopold-Taillon, 18, avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2022 Nov 16;19(1):139. doi: 10.1186/s12966-022-01376-z.
Eating behaviors may contribute to differences in body weight and diet over time. Our study aims to examine how eating behaviors of young adults relate to their current weight status and dietary patterns and to explore longitudinal associations with eating behaviors in early childhood.
Study participants are young adults (n = 698) taking part in the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. At age 22, eating behaviors were assessed using the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived from information collected by food frequency questions. Weight status was based on self-reported data. Information on eating behaviors in childhood had been collected when participants were 2.5 to 6 years old. Pearson's correlations were used to determine associations between adult eating behaviors and body mass index. Simple and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between eating behaviors and dietary patterns at age 22, and longitudinal associations with behaviors in early childhood. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between overeating and fussy eating in childhood and weight status at age 22.
Body mass index was positively correlated with Emotional overeating, Enjoyment of food, and Food responsiveness and negatively correlated with Satiety responsiveness, Emotional undereating, Slowness in eating and Hunger. A Healthy dietary pattern was positively associated with both Enjoyment of food and Hunger, and negatively associated with Food fussiness. Inversely, a Beverage-rich dietary pattern was negatively associated with Enjoyment of food and positively associated with Food fussiness. A Protein-rich pattern was positively associated with Enjoyment of food, while a High energy density pattern was positively associated with Food fussiness. Young adults with higher scores for fussy eating in early childhood were more likely to manifest Food fussiness and Emotional undereating, and less likely to adopt a Healthy dietary pattern. Young adults with higher scores for overeating in early childhood were less likely to show traits such as Slowness in eating and more likely to be overweight.
Our findings suggest that eating behaviors in childhood have long-term influence on diet and weight status, thereby reinforcing the importance of early interventions that promote healthy eating.
饮食习惯可能会导致个体体重和饮食在不同时间的差异。我们的研究旨在探究年轻人的饮食习惯与其当前体重状况和饮食模式的关系，并探索其与儿童早期饮食习惯的纵向关联。
本研究的参与者是参加魁北克儿童发展纵向研究的年轻人（n=698）。在 22 岁时，使用成人饮食行为问卷评估饮食行为。饮食模式是根据食物频率问卷收集的信息得出的。体重状况基于自我报告的数据。在参与者 2.5 至 6 岁时收集了有关儿童期饮食行为的信息。使用 Pearson 相关系数确定成年饮食行为与体重指数之间的关联。简单和多元线性回归分析用于检验 22 岁时饮食行为与饮食模式之间的关联，以及与儿童早期行为的纵向关联。有序逻辑回归分析用于评估儿童期过度进食和挑食与 22 岁时体重状况之间的关联。
体重指数与情绪性过量进食、对食物的享受、食物反应性呈正相关，与饱食反应性、情绪性进食不足、进食速度慢、饥饿感呈负相关。健康饮食模式与对食物的享受和饥饿感呈正相关，与食物挑剔呈负相关。相反，富含饮料的饮食模式与对食物的享受呈负相关，与食物挑剔呈正相关。高蛋白饮食模式与对食物的享受呈正相关，而高能量密度饮食模式与食物挑剔呈正相关。儿童期挑食程度较高的年轻人更有可能表现出食物挑剔和情绪性进食不足的特征，且不太可能采用健康的饮食模式。儿童期过度进食程度较高的年轻人更有可能表现出进食速度慢的特征，且不太可能超重。
我们的研究结果表明，儿童时期的饮食习惯对饮食和体重状况有长期影响，从而强化了早期干预以促进健康饮食的重要性。
