Nguyen Phuong Thi Lan, Ngo Thi Hong Hanh, Tran Thi Mai Hung, Vu Thi Ngoc Bich, Le Viet Thanh, Tran Hai Anh, Pham Duy Thai, Nguyen Ha Thanh, Tran Dieu Linh, Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien, Nguyen Thi Thi Tho, Tran Nhu Duong, Dang Duc Anh, Bañuls Anne-Laure, Choisy Marc, van Doorn H Rogier, Suzuki Masato, Tran Huy Hoang
National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Oct 26;9:1034610. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1034610. eCollection 2022.
Livestock has been implicated as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes that can spread to humans when antimicrobials are used in animals for food production to treat clinical diseases and prevent and control common disease events. In Vietnam, -harboring (MCRPEC) strains have been isolated from humans, animals (chickens, pigs, and dogs) feces, flies, foods, and the environment (rainwater, well water, and irrigation water) in communities and from clinical specimens in hospitals. The relationship between levels of AMR in livestock and its occurrence in humans is complex and is driven by many factors. We conducted whole genome sequencing of MCRPEC to analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics, history, and relatedness of 50 isolates obtained in 2019 from different reservoirs in farms and markets in Ha Nam province, Vietnam. 34 sequence types (STs) with 3 new STs were identified in multilocus sequence typing analysis: ST12945 and ST12946 from chicken feces, and ST12947 from flies. The AMR phenotypes of 50 MCRPEC isolates were as follows: ampicillin (100%, 50/50), cefotaxime (10%, 5/50), gentamicin (60%, 30/50), amikacin (8%, 4/50), meropenem (6%, 3/50), ceftazidime (18%, 9/50), colistin (24%, 12/50) and ciprofloxacin (80%, 40/50). All 50 MCRPEC isolates were identified as MDR. 100% (50/50) isolates carried AMR genes, ranging from 5 to 22 genes. The most prevalent plasmid replicon types carrying were IncP-1 (17/37, 45.9%), IncX4 (7/37, 18.9%), and IncHI2/IncHI2A (6/37, 16.2%). These data suggest that the epidemiology of the gene is mostly determined by plasmid spreading instead of clonal dissemination of MCRPE strains. The co-occurrence of several STs such as ST10, ST48, ST155, ST206, ST2705 in various sample types, joined to the higher prevalence of a few types of Inc plasmids, confirms the dissemination of the carrying plasmids in clones established in livestock. 5 over 8 STs identified in flies (ST206, ST2705, ST155, ST10, and ST48) suggested the fly contribution in the transmission of AMR bacteria in environments. These popular STs also occur in human samples and 100% of the human samples were positive for the gene.
家畜被认为是抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）基因的储存库，当在动物中使用抗菌药物用于食品生产以治疗临床疾病以及预防和控制常见疾病事件时，这些基因可传播给人类。在越南，携带mcr - 1的肺炎克雷伯菌（MCRPEC）菌株已从社区中的人类、动物（鸡、猪和狗）粪便、苍蝇、食物和环境（雨水、井水和灌溉水）以及医院的临床标本中分离出来。家畜中AMR水平与其在人类中的出现之间的关系很复杂，并且受多种因素驱动。我们对MCRPEC进行了全基因组测序，以分析2019年从越南河南省农场和市场的不同储存库中获得的50株分离株的分子流行病学特征、历史和相关性。多位点序列分型分析鉴定出34种序列类型（STs）以及3种新的STs：来自鸡粪便的ST12945和ST12946，以及来自苍蝇的ST12947。50株MCRPEC分离株的AMR表型如下：氨苄西林（100%，50/50）、头孢噻肟（10%，5/50）、庆大霉素（60%，30/50）、阿米卡星（8%，4/50）、美罗培南（6%，3/50）、头孢他啶（18%，9/50）、黏菌素（24%，12/50）和环丙沙星（80%，40/50）。所有50株MCRPEC分离株均被鉴定为多重耐药。100%（50/50）的分离株携带AMR基因，数量从5个到22个不等。携带mcr - 1的最常见质粒复制子类型为IncP - 1（17/37，45.9%）、IncX4（7/37，18.9%）和IncHI2/IncHI2A（6/37，16.2%）。这些数据表明，mcr - 1基因的流行病学主要由质粒传播决定，而非MCRPE菌株的克隆传播。几种STs如ST10、ST48、ST155、ST206、ST2705在各种样本类型中的共同出现，再加上几种类型的Inc质粒的较高流行率，证实了携带mcr - 1的质粒在建立于家畜中的克隆中的传播。在苍蝇中鉴定出的8种STs中有5种（ST206、ST2705、ST155、ST10和ST48）表明苍蝇在环境中AMR细菌的传播中起到了作用。这些常见的STs也出现在人类样本中，并且100%的人类样本mcr - 1基因呈阳性。
