Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
J AOAC Int. 2023 May 3;106(3):769-777. doi: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac148.
Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge leaves (XLs) are valuable resources rich in phytochemicals, especially in flavonoids, but they are rarely exploited and utilized.
The purpose of this paper is to reduce the waste of XLs resources (usually used as agricultural waste) and extract the high added value of active ingredients from XLs.
The extraction of flavonoids from XLs using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was reported. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to adopt different ultrasonic conditions such as ethanol concentration, liquid:solid ratio, and ultrasonic power. In addition, the chemical structures were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and HPLC.
Response surface analysis indicated the optimal level of ethanol concentration, liquid:solid ratio, and ultrasonic power as 71.49%, 13.87 mL/g, and 157.49 W respectively for the maximum response of total flavonoids (5.52 ± 0.23%), which fitted well with the predicted value (5.68 ± 0.17%). In addition, the extracts from XLs exhibited potent antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS).
The potent antioxidant activity of flavonoids from XLs is beneficial for their application in the food and drug industry, which will facilitate the rise of the added value of the flavonoids from XLs.
Myricetin, rutin, and epicatechin, which may be responsible for the antioxidant activity of the extracts from XLs, were confirmed by UPLC-MS/MS and HPLC analysis. The extracted flavonoids can be used as a natural antioxidant additive to food products.
文冠果叶是一种富含植物化学物质的宝贵资源，尤其是类黄酮，但它们很少被开发和利用。
本文旨在减少文冠果叶资源的浪费（通常用作农业废弃物），并从文冠果叶中提取高附加值的活性成分。
报道了超声辅助提取（UAE）从文冠果叶中提取类黄酮的方法。采用响应面法（RSM），选择不同的超声条件，如乙醇浓度、液固比和超声功率。此外，还采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）和高效液相色谱法（HPLC）鉴定了化学结构。
响应面分析表明，乙醇浓度、液固比和超声功率的最佳水平分别为 71.49%、13.87 mL/g 和 157.49 W，以获得最大的总类黄酮响应值（5.52 ± 0.23%），拟合度良好，与预测值（5.68 ± 0.17%）相符。此外，文冠果叶提取物在 1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）和 2,2'-联氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）铵盐（ABTS）中表现出较强的抗氧化活性。
文冠果叶类黄酮的强抗氧化活性有利于其在食品和药品工业中的应用，将提高文冠果叶类黄酮的附加值。
通过 UPLC-MS/MS 和 HPLC 分析，确定了杨梅素、芦丁和表儿茶素可能是文冠果叶提取物抗氧化活性的原因。提取的类黄酮可作为天然抗氧化剂添加到食品中。
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