Anguita Rodrigo, Charteris David
Vitreoretinal Unit, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Vitreoretinal Unit, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2023 Nov;107(11):1583-1589. doi: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321845. Epub 2022 Nov 17.
Vision loss after detachment of the neurosensory retina is a complex process which is not fully understood. Clinical factors have been identified which contribute to loss of macular function after retinal detachment and laboratory studies have played an important role in understanding the cellular and subcellular pathological processes which underlie the loss of visual function. As clinical imaging has advanced, multiple studies have focused on identifying and correlating clinicopathological features with visual outcomes in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography angiography and adaptive optics studies have contributed to the understanding of the anatomical changes in relation to clinical outcomes. A clear understanding of the macular pathology of retinal detachment is fundamental to develop strategies to improve outcomes in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and analogous retinal diseases where macular neurosensory retinal detachment is part of the pathology. This review assesses the evidence from experimental and pathological studies together with clinical imaging analyses (optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography angiography and adaptive optics) and the contribution of these studies to our understanding of visual outcomes.
神经感觉视网膜脱离后的视力丧失是一个复杂的过程，目前尚未完全了解。已确定了一些临床因素，这些因素会导致视网膜脱离后黄斑功能丧失，而实验室研究在理解导致视觉功能丧失的细胞和亚细胞病理过程中发挥了重要作用。随着临床成像技术的发展，多项研究聚焦于识别孔源性视网膜脱离患者的临床病理特征，并将其与视觉预后相关联。光学相干断层扫描、眼底自发荧光、光学相干断层扫描血管造影和自适应光学研究有助于理解与临床预后相关的解剖学变化。清楚了解视网膜脱离的黄斑病理对于制定改善孔源性视网膜脱离患者以及黄斑神经感觉视网膜脱离是病理组成部分的类似视网膜疾病患者预后的策略至关重要。本综述评估了来自实验和病理研究以及临床成像分析（光学相干断层扫描、眼底自发荧光、光学相干断层扫描血管造影和自适应光学）的证据，以及这些研究对我们理解视觉预后的贡献。
