Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, United States.
Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, United States.
Mol Metab. 2022 Dec;66:101642. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101642. Epub 2022 Nov 17.
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are a well characterized regulator of adipose tissue inflammatory tone. Previously defined by the M1 vs M2 classification, we now have a better understanding of ATM diversity that departs from the old paradigm and reports a spectrum of ATM function and phenotypes in both brown and white adipose tissue.
This review provides an updated overview of ATM activation and function, ATM diversity in humans and rodents, and novel ATM functions that contribute to metabolic homeostasis and disease.
While the paradigm that resident ATMs predominate in the lean state and obesity leads to the accumulation of lipid-associated and inflammatory ATMs still broadly remains rigorously supported, the details of this model continue to be refined and single cell data provide new insight into ATM subtypes and states.
脂肪组织巨噬细胞（ATMs）是调节脂肪组织炎症状态的重要细胞。根据传统的 M1 型和 M2 型分类方法，我们对 ATMs 的多样性有了更好的理解，这种多样性已经偏离了旧的分类模式，表明在棕色和白色脂肪组织中存在着一系列的 ATMs 功能和表型。
本文综述了 ATMs 的激活和功能、人类和啮齿动物 ATMs 的多样性，以及新的 ATMs 功能在代谢稳态和疾病中的作用。
虽然驻留 ATMs 在瘦素状态下占优势，而肥胖导致与脂质相关的和炎症性 ATMs 的积累的观点仍然得到广泛支持，但该模型的细节仍在不断完善，单细胞数据为 ATMs 亚型和状态提供了新的见解。
