Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5652, USA.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011 Jul;14(4):341-6. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328347970b.
Proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) contribute to obesity-associated disease morbidity. We will provide an update of the current state of knowledge regarding the phenotypic and functional diversity of ATMs in lean and obese mice and humans.
The phenotypic diversity of ATMs is now known to include more than two types requiring an expansion of the simple concept of an M2 to M1 shift with obesity. Potential functions for ATMs now include the regulation of fibrosis and response to acute lipolysis in states of caloric restriction. Novel pathways that can potentiate ATM action have been identified, which include inflammasome activation and the response to lipodystrophic adipose tissue. Studies provide a new appreciation for the ability of ATMs to respond dynamically to the adipose tissue microenvironment.
ATMs play a key role in shaping the inflammatory milieu within adipose tissue, and it is now apparent that ATM heterogeneity is acutely shaped by the adipose tissue environment. To account for the new findings, we propose a new nomenclature for ATM subtypes that takes into account their diversity.
促炎脂肪组织巨噬细胞（ATMs）导致与肥胖相关疾病的发病率升高。我们将更新目前关于瘦鼠和肥胖鼠以及人类脂肪组织中 ATMs 表型和功能多样性的知识现状。
现在已经知道，脂肪组织巨噬细胞的表型多样性包括两种以上类型，这需要扩展肥胖时简单的 M2 向 M1 转变的概念。脂肪组织中 ATMs 的潜在功能还包括调节纤维化和对热量限制状态下急性脂肪分解的反应。现在已经确定了能够增强 ATMs 作用的新途径，包括炎症小体的激活和对脂肪营养不良脂肪组织的反应。这些研究为 ATMs 对脂肪组织微环境的动态反应能力提供了新的认识。
ATMs 在塑造脂肪组织内炎症环境方面发挥着关键作用，现在很明显，ATMs 的异质性是由脂肪组织环境急性塑造的。为了说明这些新发现，我们提出了一种新的 ATMs 亚型命名法，考虑了它们的多样性。
