Research Division of Pediatric Obesity, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Results Probl Cell Differ. 2024;74:159-174. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_6.
In obesity, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are abundant immune cells in the adipose tissue and are known as inducers of metabolic inflammation that may lead to insulin resistance and immune disorders associated with obesity. However, much less is known about the ontogeny and physiological functions of ATMs in lean adipose tissue. ATMs are present at birth and actively participate in the synthesis of mediators that induce lipolysis, mitobiogenesis, and thermogenesis in adipocytes. Later in life ATMs limit the thermogenic competence of the adipocytes and favor lipid storage. ATMs respond to lipid overload of adipocytes in obesity with a sequence of pro-inflammatory events, including inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, as well as stimulation of nuclear factor kappa B and interferon regulatory factors that evoke an uncontrolled inflammation. ATMs are life-long constituents of the adipose tissue and hence signals that control ATM development and ATM-adipocyte interactions determine adipose tissue health.
在肥胖症中，脂肪组织中的巨噬细胞（ATMs）是丰富的免疫细胞，被称为代谢炎症的诱导剂，可能导致与肥胖相关的胰岛素抵抗和免疫紊乱。然而，人们对瘦脂肪组织中 ATMs 的个体发生和生理功能知之甚少。ATMs 存在于出生时，并积极参与诱导脂肪细胞中脂肪分解、线粒体生成和生热的介质的合成。在生命后期，ATMs 限制脂肪细胞的生热能力，并有利于脂质储存。在肥胖症中，ATMs 对脂肪细胞的脂质过载做出一系列促炎反应，包括炎症小体激活和细胞焦亡，以及核因子 kappa B 和干扰素调节因子的刺激，引发不受控制的炎症。ATMs 是脂肪组织的终身组成部分，因此控制 ATMs 发育和 ATMs-脂肪细胞相互作用的信号决定了脂肪组织的健康。
