Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada.
Arch Microbiol. 2022 Nov 20;204(12):720. doi: 10.1007/s00203-022-03321-x.
Increasing demand for safe food by an ever-growing human population emphasizes the urgency for increasing crop yields and reducing the losses caused by abiotic and biotic stresses; a partial solution to this problem is to develop a better understanding of plant-microbe interactions. Plant roots continuously release a wide range of compounds including organic acids in root exudates. These root exudates stimulate growth of specific microbial communities in the rhizosphere, which affect complex biological and physico-chemical interactions occurring between plant roots and the surrounding soil environment. In addition, organic acids are also released by different microbes and during decomposition of organic matter and plant residues in the soil. Interestingly, the available organic acids in the rhizosphere play crucial roles in various physio-chemical processes including the chemoattraction of microbes (both beneficial and pathogenic), mineralization and solubilization of complex minerals (P, K and Zn), biocontrol of phytopathogens, induction of systemic resistance, biogas formation, mitigation of abiotic stresses and, detoxification of metals and residual pesticides. Thus, organic acids play a significant role in the sustainable management of the soil ecosystem and in environmental sustainability. This review discusses the role of organic acids in the stimulation or enrichment of specific root-associated microbial communities and their effect on plant-microbe interactions at the root surface. In addition, the potential for root microbiome modification to enhance nutrient cycling and nutrient acquisition, and in amelioration of environmental stresses for increasing food production is discussed.
不断增长的人口对安全食品的需求强调了增加作物产量和减少非生物和生物胁迫造成的损失的紧迫性；解决这个问题的一个部分方法是更好地了解植物-微生物相互作用。植物根系不断释放出包括根系分泌物中的有机酸在内的广泛化合物。这些根系分泌物刺激根际中特定微生物群落的生长，从而影响植物根系与周围土壤环境之间发生的复杂生物和物理化学相互作用。此外，不同的微生物在土壤中有机物和植物残体的分解过程中也会释放有机酸。有趣的是，根际中可用的有机酸在各种生理化学过程中起着至关重要的作用，包括微生物的化学引诱（有益和致病的）、复杂矿物质（磷、钾和锌）的矿化和溶解、植物病原菌的生物防治、系统抗性的诱导、沼气的形成、减轻非生物胁迫以及金属和残留农药的解毒。因此，有机酸在土壤生态系统的可持续管理和环境可持续性方面发挥着重要作用。本综述讨论了有机酸在刺激或富集特定根相关微生物群落中的作用及其对根表面植物-微生物相互作用的影响。此外，还讨论了通过改变根微生物组来增强养分循环和养分获取以及改善环境胁迫以增加粮食生产的潜力。
