Piedrahíta-Pérez Sebastián, Rodríguez-Estrada Juliana, Ramírez-Carmona Margarita, Rendón-Castrillón Leidy, Ocampo-López Carlos
Chemical Engineering Faculty, Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología (CIBIOT), Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, Colombia.
Foods. 2024 Dec 15;13(24):4048. doi: 10.3390/foods13244048.
This study evaluated the desorption of cadmium (Cd) from cocoa waste-derived flour using organic acids. Cocoa pods were collected from Antioquia and Casanare, Colombia, to analyze the geographical Cd content and its distribution within the pod tissues. Acid selection was performed using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) matrix, and Cd desorption was assessed through a full factorial 2 experimental design, considering acid concentration, pulp density, and agitation speed. Additionally, the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was monitored as an indicator of the electrochemical dynamics of the process. The results indicated that pods from Casanare exhibited higher Cd concentrations (1.63 ± 0.20 ppm) compared with those from Antioquia (0.87 ± 0.22 ppm), with 49.31% of the metal being accumulated in the pod. Parameters of citric acid at 0.5 M, 5 g/L pulp density, and 120 rpm were found to be optimal for the Cd desorption process, achieving over 95% efficiency. Based on ORP monitoring, a heuristic was proposed to determine the contact time during leaching. This work outlines a scalable process for Cd desorption, adding value to cocoa industry waste for potential applications.
本研究评估了使用有机酸从可可废料衍生粉中解吸镉（Cd）的情况。从哥伦比亚的安蒂奥基亚省和卡萨纳雷省收集可可豆荚，以分析地理区域内的镉含量及其在豆荚组织中的分布。使用多标准决策（MCDM）矩阵进行酸的选择，并通过全因子2实验设计评估镉的解吸情况，该设计考虑了酸浓度、果肉密度和搅拌速度。此外，监测氧化还原电位（ORP）作为该过程电化学动力学的指标。结果表明，与安蒂奥基亚省的可可豆荚（0.87±0.22 ppm）相比，卡萨纳雷省的可可豆荚镉浓度更高（1.63±0.20 ppm），其中49.31%的金属积累在豆荚中。发现0.5 M的柠檬酸、5 g/L的果肉密度和120 rpm的参数对于镉解吸过程是最佳的，解吸效率超过95%。基于ORP监测，提出了一种启发式方法来确定浸出过程中的接触时间。这项工作概述了一种可扩展的镉解吸工艺，为可可工业废料增加了潜在应用价值。
