Pećarević Marijana, Bonačić Kruno, Dobroslavić Tatjana, Grubišić Leon, Čelić Igor, Glamuzina Branko, Maleš Josip, Sarà Gianluca, Mangano Maria Cristina
Department of Applied Ecology, University of Dubrovnik, Ćira Carića 4, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia.
Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište Ivana Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
Mar Policy. 2023 Feb;148:105395. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105395. Epub 2022 Nov 16.
An overview of the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mariculture industry of the republic of Croatia is provided. An initial online survey was circulated early after the onset of the pandemic and a follow-up field survey was performed a year into the pandemic. The surveyed companies varied in size (micro to medium enterprises), location (north, central and southern coast) and cultured organism (European flat oyster, Mediterranean mussel, European sea bass, Gilthead sea bream and/or Bluefin tuna) and were asked questions on the subject of economic and job losses, aquaculture supply chain processes and implemented or proposed measures for mitigation of negative effects. Results from the online survey showed higher economic loss than job loss, but companies reported increased job loss in the period leading to the field survey. Most companies reported reductions in sales and avenues of procurement, which, in addition to direct stressors, indirectly affected business processes. Micro enterprises fared well due to their part-time nature, low capital investments and running costs, while small to medium enterprises were under the most pressure. Large enterprises were barely affected as they had secure local and/or international distribution chains and dominated the market. Producers most affected were those that relied on the HoReCa market for product placement and/or had difficulty coping with existing stressors. Bivalve producers generally experienced a higher drop in sales than finfish farms and companies with specialized production were not able to adapt to market changes to the degree that more versatile businesses seemed capable of.
本文概述了新冠疫情对克罗地亚共和国海水养殖产业的负面影响。疫情初期开展了一项初步在线调查，并在疫情爆发一年后进行了后续实地调查。接受调查的公司在规模（微型到中型企业）、地点（北部、中部和南部海岸）以及养殖生物（欧洲扁蛎、地中海贻贝、欧洲鲈鱼、金头鲷和/或蓝鳍金枪鱼）方面存在差异，并被问及经济和就业损失、水产养殖供应链流程以及为减轻负面影响而实施或提议的措施等问题。在线调查结果显示，经济损失高于就业损失，但各公司报告称，在实地调查前的一段时间内就业损失有所增加。大多数公司报告称销售额和采购渠道减少，这除了直接压力因素外，还间接影响了业务流程。微型企业因其兼职性质、低资本投资和运营成本而表现良好，而小型到中型企业面临的压力最大。大型企业受影响较小，因为它们拥有稳固的本地和/或国际分销链且主导市场。受影响最大的生产者是那些依赖餐饮酒店市场进行产品销售和/或难以应对现有压力因素的生产者。双壳贝类生产者的销售额下降幅度通常高于鱼类养殖场，并且专业化生产的公司无法像更多元化的企业那样适应市场变化。
