Mangano M C, Berlino M, Corbari L, Milisenda G, Lucchese M, Terzo S, Bosch-Belmar M, Azaza M S, Babarro J M F, Bakiu R, Broitman B R, Buschmann A H, Christofoletti R, Dong Y, Glamuzina B, Luthman O, Makridis P, Nogueira A J A, Palomo M G, Dineshram R, Sanchez-Jerez P, Sevgili H, Troell M, AbouelFadl K Y, Azra M N, Britz P, Carrington E, Celić I, Choi F, Qin C, Dionísio M A, Dobroslavić T, Galli P, Giannetto D, Grabowski J H, Helmuth B, Lebata-Ramos M J H, Lim P T, Liu Y, Llorens S M, Mirto S, Pećarević M, Pita C, Ragg N, Ravagnan E, Saidi D, Schultz K, Shaltout M, Tan S H, Thiyagarajan V, Sarà G
Department of Integrated Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy.
Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle, Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
Environ Sci Policy. 2022 Jan;127:98-110. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2021.10.014. Epub 2021 Oct 27.
The COVID-19 global pandemic has had severe, unpredictable and synchronous impacts on all levels of perishable food supply chains (PFSC), across multiple sectors and spatial scales. Aquaculture plays a vital and rapidly expanding role in food security, in some cases overtaking wild caught fisheries in the production of high-quality animal protein in this PFSC. We performed a rapid global assessment to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related emerging control measures on the aquaculture supply chain. Socio-economic effects of the pandemic were analysed by surveying the perceptions of stakeholders, who were asked to describe potential supply-side disruption, vulnerabilities and resilience patterns along the production pipeline with four main supply chain components: a) hatchery, b) production/processing, c) distribution/logistics and d) market. We also assessed different farming strategies, comparing land- sea-based systems; extensive intensive methods; and with and without integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, IMTA. In addition to evaluating levels and sources of economic distress, interviewees were asked to identify mitigation solutions adopted at local / internal ( farm-site) scales, and to express their preference on national / external scale mitigation measures among a set of options. Survey responses identified the potential causes of disruption, ripple effects, sources of food insecurity, and socio-economic conflicts. They also pointed to various levels of mitigation strategies. The collated evidence represents a first baseline useful to address future disaster-driven responses, to reinforce the resilience of the sector and to facilitate the design reconstruction plans and mitigation measures, such as financial aid strategies.
新冠疫情全球大流行对易腐食品供应链（PFSC）的各个层面都产生了严重、不可预测且同步的影响，涉及多个部门和空间尺度。水产养殖在粮食安全方面发挥着至关重要且迅速扩大的作用，在某些情况下，在这一易腐食品供应链中优质动物蛋白的生产方面超过了野生捕捞渔业。我们进行了一项快速全球评估，以评估新冠疫情及相关新出现的控制措施对水产养殖供应链的影响。通过调查利益相关者的看法来分析疫情的社会经济影响，这些利益相关者被要求描述沿生产流程中四个主要供应链环节潜在的供应端中断、脆弱性和恢复力模式：a）孵化场，b）生产/加工，c）分销/物流，d）市场。我们还评估了不同的养殖策略，比较了陆地和海洋养殖系统；粗放型和集约型方法；以及有无综合多营养层次水产养殖（IMTA）。除了评估经济困境的程度和来源外，还要求受访者确定在地方/内部（农场层面）采取的缓解解决方案，并在一系列选项中表达他们对国家/外部层面缓解措施的偏好。调查回复确定了中断的潜在原因、连锁反应、粮食不安全的来源以及社会经济冲突。它们还指出了不同层面的缓解策略。整理后的证据是应对未来灾害驱动的应对措施、增强该部门恢复力以及促进设计重建计划和缓解措施（如财政援助策略）的首个有用基线。
