Shaaban Heba
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman, Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Microchem J. 2023 Jan;184:108145. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108145. Epub 2022 Nov 9.
Hydroxychloroquine is a drug that has been widely used during the early stages of COVID-19 pandemic. Different liquid chromatographic methods have been reported for the analysis of hydroxychloroquine in various biological matrices such as human plasma, serum, whole blood, oral fluid, rat plasma and tissues. In this comparative study, the most popular tools used for assessing the greenness profile: National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI), Eco-Scale Assessment (ESA), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical Greenness metric (AGREE) were utilized to evaluate the ecological impact of eighteen liquid chromatographic methods developed for the bioanalysis of COVID-19 drug; hydroxychloroquine. NEMI is the simplest tool for evaluating the greenness profile of developed methods, but it is the least informative approach as all the reported methods had the same NEMI pictograms. On the other hand, GAPI is a dependable tool providing a complete picture about the method greenness starting from sampling until the final determination. ESA and AGREE tools are digitally presented and more easily applied. Therefore, their utilization for greenness assessment is highly recommended. Selection of the highest eco-friendly analytical procedure is of a paramount importance for protecting human health and the environment. Considering the greenness of the analytical procedures is highly recommended before proceeding to routine use in order to minimize the chemical hazards to the environment. The most eco-friendly analytical procedures for the analysis of hydroxychloroquine in biological samples according to ESA, GAPI and AGREE tools will be highlighted and discussed.
羟氯喹是一种在新冠疫情早期被广泛使用的药物。已有不同的液相色谱方法用于分析其在各种生物基质中的含量，如人血浆、血清、全血、口腔液、大鼠血浆和组织。在这项比较研究中，用于评估绿色度概况的最常用工具：国家环境方法指数（NEMI）、生态规模评估（ESA）、绿色分析程序指数（GAPI）和分析绿色度指标（AGREE）被用来评估为新冠药物羟氯喹生物分析开发的18种液相色谱方法的生态影响。NEMI是评估已开发方法绿色度概况最简单的工具，但它也是信息最少的方法，因为所有报道的方法都有相同的NEMI图标。另一方面，GAPI是一个可靠的工具，能提供从采样到最终测定整个过程方法绿色度的完整情况。ESA和AGREE工具以数字形式呈现且更易于应用。因此，强烈建议使用它们进行绿色度评估。选择最环保的分析程序对于保护人类健康和环境至关重要。在进行常规使用之前，强烈建议考虑分析程序的绿色度，以尽量减少对环境的化学危害。将重点介绍和讨论根据ESA、GAPI和AGREE工具对生物样品中羟氯喹进行分析的最环保分析程序。
