Wang Xuan, Li Tiantian, Ding Huini, Liu Yuru, Liu Xiaoqiang, Yu Kang, Xiao Rong, Xi Yuandi
Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Fangshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Nov 4;9:1005857. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1005857. eCollection 2022.
Dietary fatty acids have been shown to be associated with the development of cognition. However, research on the role of fatty acid intake in dietary patterns and fatty acid patterns (FAPs) in the development of cognitive function is limited. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between dietary patterns and FAPs and to provide available evidence for preventing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through these patterns.
The 973 participants aged between 65 and 85 were recruited from 2020 to 2021 for this multicenter research in Beijing. Neuropsychological tests were used for cognitive evaluation, and data of dietary intake in the past 12 months were collected with semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The erythrocyte membrane fatty acid profile was tested by chromatography and mass spectrometry lipid profiling. Factor analysis was used to derive the main dietary patterns and FAPs. Pearson's correlation or Spearman's correlation was used to explore the association between dietary patterns and FAPs. Binary logistic regression was applied to examine the relationship between patterns and cognitive function.
Six dietary patterns and six FAPs were identified, explaining 53.4 and 80.9% of the total variance separately. After adjusting all potential confounders, T3 of the pattern 1 and FAP2 were the independent protect factors for MCI, respectively (OR 0.601, 95% CI [0.395, 0.914]; OR 0.108, 95% CI [0.019, 0.623]). Rich of SM (26:0), SM (24:1), and SM (26:1) is the characteristic of FAP2. A positive correlation was found between component scores of dietary pattern1 and FAP2 ( = 0.441, = 0.001). People who adhered to a reasonable intake of animal flesh consumed more various long-chain fatty acids as well.
The erythrocyte membrane metabolites, SM (26:0), SM (24:1), and SM (26:1), might function as early biomarkers for predicting or monitoring of cognitive aging in the elderly. The dietary pattern with recommended animal flesh consumption was significantly associated with FAP characterized by very long-chain SMs. This dietary pattern affected FAP, which might achieve the ultimate goal of neuroprotection through the very long-chain SMs. A rational intake of dietary fatty acids might be an effective way on preventing MCI in the elderly.
膳食脂肪酸已被证明与认知发展有关。然而，关于脂肪酸摄入量在饮食模式和脂肪酸模式（FAPs）对认知功能发展中的作用的研究有限。本研究的目的是探讨饮食模式与FAPs之间的相关性，并为通过这些模式预防轻度认知障碍（MCI）提供可用证据。
2020年至2021年，在北京招募了973名年龄在65至85岁之间的参与者进行这项多中心研究。使用神经心理学测试进行认知评估，并通过半定量食物频率问卷收集过去12个月的饮食摄入数据。通过色谱法和质谱脂质分析测试红细胞膜脂肪酸谱。采用因子分析得出主要饮食模式和FAPs。使用Pearson相关性或Spearman相关性来探讨饮食模式与FAPs之间的关联。应用二元逻辑回归来检验模式与认知功能之间的关系。
确定了六种饮食模式和六种FAPs，分别解释了总方差的53.4%和80.9%。在调整所有潜在混杂因素后，模式1的T3和FAP2分别是MCI的独立保护因素（OR = 0.601，95%CI[0.395, 0.914]；OR = 0.108，95%CI[0.019, 0.623]）。富含SM（26:0）、SM（24:1）和SM（26:）是FAP2的特征。饮食模式1和FAP2的成分得分之间存在正相关（r = 0.441，P = 0.001）。坚持合理摄入动物肉的人也摄入了更多种类的长链脂肪酸。
红细胞膜代谢物SM（26:0）、SM（24:1）和SM（26:1）可能作为预测或监测老年人认知衰老的早期生物标志物。推荐食用动物肉的饮食模式与以超长链SMs为特征的FAP显著相关。这种饮食模式影响FAP，可能通过超长链SMs实现神经保护的最终目标。合理摄入膳食脂肪酸可能是预防老年人MCI的有效方法。
