Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China.
Nutrients. 2022 Dec 15;14(24):5321. doi: 10.3390/nu14245321.
There is evidence of correlation between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and sarcopenia (SA). However, the influencing factors and the mechanism, such as age-related lipid redistribution, remain unknown. This study aimed to clarify the role of dietary fats and erythrocyte lipids profile combined with basal metabolic rate (BMR) in the link between MCI and SA. A total of 1050 participants aged 65 to 85 were divided into control, MCI, SA and MCI and SA groups. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to evaluate appendicular lean mass and BMR. Cognition and dietary nutrition were detected by neuropsychological tests and food frequency questionnaires. UHPLC-QExactive-MS/MS and UHPLC-Qtrap-MS/MS were used to conduct the lipidomics analysis. Lower dietary intake of different phospholipids, unsaturated fatty acids and kinds of choline were significantly associated with MCI and SA. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, multivariate logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic curve and validation tests provided evidence that specific phospholipids, unsaturated fatty acids and BMR might be the critical factors in the processing of MCI and SA, as well as in their link. The lipidomic analysis observed a clear discrimination of the lipid profiles in the individuals who are in MCI, SA, or MCI and SA, compared with the control. Lower expressions in certain phospholipid species, such as sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamines, decreased phosphatidylcholine with more unsaturated double bonds, lower level of lipids with C20:5 and C20:4, higher level of lipids with C18:2 and lipids with a remodeled length of acyl chain, might be closely related to the link between MCI and SA. Inadequate dietary intake and lower concentrations of the erythrocyte lipid profile of phospholipids and unsaturated fatty acids with a lower level of BMR might be the key points that lead to progress in MCI and SA, as well as in their link. They could be used as the prospective biomarkers for the higher risk of cognitive decline and/or SA in elderly population.
有证据表明轻度认知障碍（MCI）与肌肉减少症（SA）之间存在相关性。然而，年龄相关的脂质再分布等影响因素和机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在阐明膳食脂肪和红细胞脂质谱与基础代谢率（BMR）相结合在 MCI 与 SA 之间的联系中的作用。共纳入 1050 名年龄在 65 至 85 岁的参与者，分为对照组、MCI 组、SA 组和 MCI+SA 组。采用生物电阻抗分析评估四肢瘦组织量和 BMR。采用神经心理学测试和食物频率问卷检测认知和膳食营养。采用 UHPLC-QExactive-MS/MS 和 UHPLC-Qtrap-MS/MS 进行脂质组学分析。不同磷脂、不饱和脂肪酸和胆碱种类的膳食摄入量较低与 MCI 和 SA 显著相关。最小绝对收缩和选择算子、多变量逻辑回归、受试者工作特征曲线和验证试验提供的证据表明，特定的磷脂、不饱和脂肪酸和 BMR 可能是处理 MCI 和 SA 及其联系的关键因素。与对照组相比，脂质组学分析观察到 MCI、SA 或 MCI+SA 个体的脂质谱明显不同。某些磷脂种类，如神经鞘磷脂和磷脂酰乙醇胺的表达水平降低，具有更多不饱和双键的磷脂酰胆碱减少，C20:5 和 C20:4 含量较低，C18:2 含量较高，酰链重塑长度的脂质含量较高，可能与 MCI 和 SA 之间的联系密切相关。膳食摄入不足和红细胞脂质谱中磷脂和不饱和脂肪酸浓度降低，BMR 水平降低，可能是导致 MCI 和 SA 进展及其联系的关键因素。它们可以作为老年人认知能力下降和/或肌肉减少症风险较高的潜在生物标志物。
