Pereira Breno de Jesus, Cecílio Filho Arthur Bernardes, La Scala Newton, de Figueiredo Eduardo Barretto
College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University - Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Rural Development, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Nov 2;13:1015307. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1015307. eCollection 2022.
Food production in sustainable agricultural systems is one of the main challenges of modern agriculture. Vegetable intercropping may be a strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, replacing monoculture systems. The objective is to identify the main emissions sources and to estimate GHG emissions of intercropping and monoculture production of collard greens, New Zealand spinach and chicory. Four scenarios were evaluated: ICS - intercropping collard greens and spinach; MCS - monoculture collard greens and spinach; ICC - intercropping collard greens and chicory; MCC - monoculture collard greens and chicory. The boundaries' reach from "cradle-to-gate" and the calculation of GHG emissions were performed using IPCC methodology and specific factors (Tier 2). The total GHG emitted was standardized as CO equivalent (COeq). The GHG emissions in ICS and ICC scenarios were approximately 31% lower than in MCS and MCC scenarios. Carbon footprint in ICS (0.030 kg COeq kg vegetables year) and ICC (0.033 kg COeq kg vegetables year) scenarios were also lower than in MCS (0.082 kg COeq kg vegetables year) and MCC (0.071 kg COeq kg vegetables year) scenarios. Fertilizers, fuel (diesel) and irrigation were the main contributing sources for total GHG emitted and carbon footprint in all evaluated scenarios. The results suggest that intercropping systems may reduce GHG emissions associated with the production of vegetables evaluated as compared with monoculture.
可持续农业系统中的粮食生产是现代农业面临的主要挑战之一。蔬菜间作可能是一种减少温室气体（GHG）排放的策略，用以取代单一栽培系统。目的是确定主要排放源，并估算羽衣甘蓝、新西兰菠菜和菊苣间作及单一栽培生产中的温室气体排放量。评估了四种情景：ICS——羽衣甘蓝和菠菜间作；MCS——羽衣甘蓝和菠菜单一栽培；ICC——羽衣甘蓝和菊苣间作；MCC——羽衣甘蓝和菊苣单一栽培。边界范围为“从摇篮到大门”，并使用IPCC方法和特定因子（第2层级）进行温室气体排放计算。排放的总温室气体以二氧化碳当量（COeq）进行标准化。ICS和ICC情景中的温室气体排放量比MCS和MCC情景低约31%。ICS（0.030千克COeq/千克蔬菜·年）和ICC（0.033千克COeq/千克蔬菜·年）情景中的碳足迹也低于MCS（0.082千克COeq/千克蔬菜·年）和MCC（0.071千克COeq/千克蔬菜·年）情景。在所有评估情景中，肥料、燃料（柴油）和灌溉是总温室气体排放和碳足迹的主要贡献源。结果表明，与单一栽培相比，间作系统可能减少所评估蔬菜生产相关的温室气体排放。
