解决并系的龟血吸虫：旋尾科 Stunkard, 1921 和 Carettacolidae Yamaguti, 1958 的修订，棘口科（Stunkard, 1921）Poche, 1926，Baracktrematidae N. 科，Plattdae N. 科和 Atamatamidae N. 科。

RESOLVING THE PARAPHYLETIC TURTLE BLOOD FLUKES: REVISION OF SPIRORCHIIDAE STUNKARD, 1921 AND PROPOSAL OF CARETTACOLIDAE YAMAGUTI, 1958, HAPALOTREMATIDAE (STUNKARD, 1921) POCHE, 1926, BARACKTREMATIDAE N. FAM., PLATTIDAE N. FAM., AND ATAMATAMIDAE N. FAM.

机构信息

Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory and Southeastern Cooperative Fish Parasite and Disease Laboratory, Auburn University, 559 Devall Drive, Auburn, Alabama 36832.

Department of Zoology, School for Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.

出版信息

J Parasitol. 2022 Nov 1;108(6):553-564. doi: 10.1645/22-60.

DOI:10.1645/22-60

PMID:36413656

Abstract

Turtle blood flukes ("spirorchiids") comprise a paraphyletic assemblage including the monophyletic Schistosomatidae Stiles and Hassall, 1898 as a crown group. We herein morphologically diagnose the natural groups of turtle blood flukes and propose family names for them. Spirorchiidae Stunkard, 1921 (Spirorchis MacCallum, 1919 [type]; Spirhapalum Ejsmont, 1927; Plasmiorchis Mehra, 1934; MonticelliusMehra, 1939; VasotremaStunkard, 1928; provisionally UterotremaPlatt and Pichelin, 1994) has a ventral sucker (lost in Spirorchis), an esophageal gland surrounding the entire esophagus, lateral esophageal diverticula (plicate organ and medial esophageal diverticulum present or absent), a glandular mass at the esophagus base, paired ceca surrounded by vitelline follicles for their entire length, a non-filamented, ovoid egg, and typically a Manter's organ. Baracktrematidae n. fam. (Baracktrema Roberts, Platt, and Bullard, 2016 [type]; Unicaecum Stunkard, 1925; NeospirorchisPrice, 1934) has no ventral sucker, a single cecum or cyclocoel, a coiled or looped testis extending into the anterior body half, a convoluted post-cecal and post-gonadal uterus, a uterine pouch, no metraterm, no Manter's organ, and non-filamented eggs. Plattidae n. fam. (Platt Roberts and Bullard, 2018 [type]; Hapalorhynchus Stunkard, 1922; Coeuritrema Mehra, 1933; Enterohaematotrema Mehra, 1940; CardiotremaDwivedi, 1967; Ruavermis Dutton and Bullard, 2020) has the anatomical sequence of a ventral sucker, external seminal vesicle, cirrus sac, anterior testis, ovary, transverse vitelline duct, and posterior testis (except Enterohaematotrema) plus a pars prostatica, dorsal genital pore, globular excretory vesicle, and no Manter's organ. Carettacolidae Yamaguti, 1958 (CarettacolaManter and Larson, 1950 [type]) has a spinose oral sucker, a spinose and contractile ventral sucker (transverse cavity present), numerous testes distributing in a post-ovarian, inter-cecal column, and an ovary and transverse vitelline duct that are pre-testicular. Hapalotrematidae (Stunkard, 1921) Poche, 1926 (Hapalotrema Loos, 1899 [type]; AmphiorchisPrice, 1934; LearediusPrice, 1934; Cheloneotrema Simha and Chattopadhyaya, 1980; NeocaballerotremaSimha, 1977; Satyanarayanotrema Simha and Chattopadhyaya, 1980; Shobanotrema Simha and Chattopadhyaya, 1980) has the anatomical sequence of a ventral sucker, anterior testis(es), external seminal vesicle and cirrus sac, ovary, and posterior testis(es). Atamatamidae n. fam. (Atamatam Bullard and Roberts, 2019 [type]; Paratamatam Bullard and Roberts, 2019; Pitiutrema Dutton and Bullard, 2019) has an oral sucker with anteroventral spines, vasa efferentia connecting to a pre-ovarian external seminal vesicle, a cirrus sac directed postero-laterad and having an internal seminal vesicle and glandular luminal wall, and a dendritic ovary flanked by the external seminal vesicle and oviducal seminal receptacle. A 28S phylogenetic analysis failed to reject the monophyly of these families.

摘要

龟血吸虫（"旋尾目"）包括一个并系类群，其中包括单系的盾盘科（Stiles and Hassall，1898 年）作为一个冠群。我们在这里从形态学上诊断了龟血吸虫的自然群体，并为它们提出了科名。旋尾科（Stunkard，1921 年）（旋口属 MacCallum，1919 年[模式属]；旋棘口属 Ejsmont，1927 年；Plasmiorchis Mehra，1934 年；MonticelliusMehra，1939 年；VasotremaStunkard，1928 年；暂时的 UterotremaPlatt 和 Pichelin，1994 年）具有腹吸盘（在旋口属中丢失）、环绕整个食管的食管腺、侧食管憩室（有皱褶器官和内侧食管憩室存在或不存在）、食管基部的腺团、被卵黄滤泡包围的成对的盲囊、无纤毛的卵形卵和典型的 Manter 器官。巴拉克特雷米科（Baracktrematidae n. fam.）（Baracktrema Roberts、Platt 和 Bullard，2016 年[模式属]；Unicaecum Stunkard，1925 年；NeospirorchisPrice，1934 年）没有腹吸盘，只有一个盲囊或环腔，一个卷曲或环曲的睾丸延伸到前体半部分，一个卷曲的盲囊后和性腺后子宫，一个子宫袋，没有中肠，没有 Manter 器官，和无纤毛的卵。普拉特科（Plattidae n. fam.）（Platt Roberts 和 Bullard，2018 年[模式属]；Hapalorhynchus Stunkard，1922 年；Coeuritrema Mehra，1933 年；Enterohaematotrema Mehra，1940 年；CardiotremaDwivedi，1967 年；Ruavermis Dutton 和 Bullard，2020 年）具有腹吸盘、外部精囊、输精管囊、前睾丸、卵巢、横形卵黄管和后睾丸（除了 Enterohaematotrema）加上一个前列腺部分、背生殖器孔、球形排泄囊和没有 Manter 器官的解剖顺序。龟鳖科（Carettacolidae Yamaguti，1958 年）（CarettacolaManter 和 Larson，1950 年[模式属]）具有刺状的口吸盘、刺状和可收缩的腹吸盘（存在横腔）、许多分布在后卵巢、盲囊柱之间的睾丸，以及位于睾丸之前的卵巢和横形卵黄管。旋尾科（Hapalotrematidae）（Stunkard，1921 年）Poche，1926 年（Hapalotrema Loos，1899 年[模式属]；AmphiorchisPrice，1934 年；LearediusPrice，1934 年；Cheloneotrema Simha 和 Chattopadhyaya，1980 年；NeocaballerotremaSimha，1977 年；Satyanarayanotrema Simha 和 Chattopadhyaya，1980 年；Shobanotrema Simha 和 Chattopadhyaya，1980 年）具有腹吸盘、前睾丸（多个）、外部精囊和输精管囊、卵巢和后睾丸（多个）的解剖顺序。阿塔马塔米科（Atamatamidae n. fam.）（Atamatam Bullard 和 Roberts，2019 年[模式属]；Paratamatam Bullard 和 Roberts，2019 年；Pitiutrema Dutton 和 Bullard，2019 年）具有具有前腹侧刺的口吸盘、与前卵巢外部精囊连接的出水管、指向后外侧并具有内部精囊和腺腔壁的输精管囊，以及被外部精囊和卵黄管生殖囊包围的树枝状卵巢。28S 系统发育分析未能拒绝这些科的单系性。