Qinghai University, Xining, China.
Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
BMJ Open. 2022 Nov 22;12(11):e065605. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065605.
The epidemiology of stroke at high altitudes has not been extensively studied, especially at heights of 4000 m and above. Thus, stroke prevention and treatment at high altitudes are challenging. We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of stroke, the detection rate of individuals at high risk of stroke and the risk factors for stroke in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, a high altitude plateau that inhabits approximately 15 million people.
A population-based cross-sectional study in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Data were collected from participants through face-to-face screening using a primary screening table. The table relied on the China National Stroke Screening and Prevention Project.
A total of 10 700 residents aged ≥40 years and living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for more than 6 months participated from January 2019 to December 2021.
The primary screening table included basic demographic information, medical history information, personal lifestyle habits and physical examination information.
A total of 10 056 people were included in the analysis. The prevalence of stroke was 2.3% (95% CI 2.0% to 2.6%), and the detection rate of individuals at high risk of stroke was 26.2% (95% CI 25.3% to 27.0%). The prevalence of stroke and the detection rate of individuals at high risk of stroke increased with altitude (p<0.01), and the prevalence of stroke at high altitudes was almost 2.2 times that at mid-altitudes (p<0.01). After full adjustments, age, residence, hypertension, family history of stroke and smoking were significantly associated with stroke (p<0.05).
The prevalence of stroke, the related risk factors and the detection rate of high-risk individuals were clarified. The prevalence rates of hypertension, overweight or obesity and diabetes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were all higher than the Chinese average. Higher-altitude exposure may be an independent risk factor for stroke.
高海拔地区的中风流行病学尚未得到广泛研究，尤其是在 4000 米及以上的海拔高度。因此，高海拔地区的中风预防和治疗具有挑战性。我们进行了一项横断面研究，以评估中国青藏高原的中风患病率、中风高危人群的检出率以及中风的危险因素，该高原约有 1500 万人居住。
一项基于人群的青藏高原横断面研究。
数据通过使用初级筛查表对参与者进行面对面筛查收集。该表依赖于中国国家中风筛查和预防项目。
共有 10700 名年龄≥40 岁、在青藏高原居住超过 6 个月的居民参加了 2019 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月的研究。
初级筛查表包括基本人口统计学信息、病史信息、个人生活方式习惯和体检信息。
共纳入 10056 人进行分析。中风患病率为 2.3%（95%CI 2.0%至 2.6%），中风高危人群的检出率为 26.2%（95%CI 25.3%至 27.0%）。中风患病率和中风高危人群的检出率随海拔升高而增加（p<0.01），高海拔地区的中风患病率几乎是中海拔地区的 2.2 倍（p<0.01）。经完全调整后，年龄、居住地、高血压、中风家族史和吸烟与中风显著相关（p<0.05）。
明确了中风的患病率、相关危险因素和高危人群的检出率。青藏高原的高血压、超重或肥胖和糖尿病患病率均高于中国平均水平。高海拔暴露可能是中风的一个独立危险因素。
