RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2023 Feb;77(2):101-107. doi: 10.1136/jech-2022-219412. Epub 2022 Nov 22.
Numerous studies reported higher levels of mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic but only a minority used repeated measurements. We investigated change in depressive symptoms in the Czech ageing cohort and the impact of pre-existing and COVID-19-related stressors.
We used data on 2853 participants (mean age 73.4 years) from the Czech part of the prospective Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe cohort that participated in postal questionnaire surveys before (September 2017-June 2018) and during the pandemic (October 2020-April 2021). Participants reported their depressive symptoms using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale including 10 (CESD-10) tool. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to create representative components of the pandemic-related stressors. The impact of the stressors on change in depressive symptoms was tested using multivariable linear regression, after adjustment for age and potential confounders.
Three patterns of the pandemic-related stressors ('financial stressors', 'social and perception stressors' and 'death and hospitalisation stressors') were extracted from the PCA. The mean CESD-10 score increased from 4.90 to 5.37 (p<0.001). In fully adjusted models, significantly larger increases in depression score were reported by older people (β=0.052; p=0.006), those with poor self-rated health (β=0.170; p<0.001), those who experienced death or hospitalisation of a close person (β=0.064; p<0.001), social deprivation (β=0.057; p<0.001), delays in healthcare (β=0.048; p=0.005) and those who suffered from COVID-19 (β=0.045; p=0.008).
This study confirms an increase in depressive symptoms in older persons during the pandemic and identified several pandemic-related risk factors suggesting that public health policies should address this vulnerable group by adopting the preventing strategies.
许多研究报告称，在 COVID-19 大流行期间，心理健康问题的发生率更高，但只有少数研究采用了重复测量。我们调查了捷克老年队列中抑郁症状的变化，以及先前存在的和与 COVID-19 相关的应激源的影响。
我们使用了来自捷克部分前瞻性健康、酒精和心理社会因素在东欧队列的 2853 名参与者的数据（平均年龄 73.4 岁），这些参与者在大流行前（2017 年 9 月至 2018 年 6 月）和大流行期间（2020 年 10 月至 2021 年 4 月）参加了邮寄问卷调查。参与者使用包括 10 项在内的流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CESD-10）工具报告他们的抑郁症状。使用主成分分析（PCA）创建与大流行相关应激源的代表性成分。在调整年龄和潜在混杂因素后，使用多变量线性回归测试应激源对抑郁症状变化的影响。
从 PCA 中提取出三种与大流行相关的应激源模式（“经济应激源”、“社会和感知应激源”和“死亡和住院应激源”）。CESD-10 评分从 4.90 增加到 5.37（p<0.001）。在完全调整的模型中，年龄较大的人（β=0.052；p=0.006）、自我报告健康状况较差的人（β=0.170；p<0.001）、亲密的人死亡或住院的人（β=0.064；p<0.001）、社会剥夺（β=0.057；p<0.001）、医疗保健延迟（β=0.048；p=0.005）和 COVID-19 患者（β=0.045；p=0.008）报告的抑郁评分增加显著更大。
这项研究证实了大流行期间老年人抑郁症状的增加，并确定了几个与大流行相关的风险因素，这表明公共卫生政策应通过采用预防策略来解决这一弱势群体的问题。
