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美国顶尖本科生院校的无障碍环境建设和残疾人包容性。

Accessibility and disability inclusion among top-funded U.S. Undergraduate Institutions.

机构信息

Johns Hopkins Disability Health Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.

WebAIM, Institute for Disability Research, Policy, and Practice, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of America.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2022 Nov 23;17(11):e0277249. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277249. eCollection 2022.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

There is limited data to assess, track, or quantify accessibility and disability inclusion across universities.

OBJECTIVE

This cross-sectional study assessed disability inclusion and accessibility at the top 50 National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded undergraduate programs in the United States. We hypothesized that there is no association between NIH funding and the University Disability Inclusion Score.

METHODS

A novel tool, the University Disability Inclusion Score assessed disability inclusion and accessibility using 10 indicators spanning 4 categories: (1) accessibility of built and virtual environment, (2) public image of disability inclusion, (3) accommodations processes and procedures, and (4) grievance policy. Based upon the total points (out of a total score of 100), each university was assigned a letter grade (A-F).

RESULTS

Of the top 50 NIH-funded institutions, 6% received an A grade on the Score, while 60% received D or F. The mean scores were 15.2 (SD = 5) for accessibility of built and virtual environment (20 points), 10 (SD = 3) for public image of disability inclusion (20 points), 30.6 (SD = 10) for accommodations processes and procedures (50 points), and 8.1 (SD = 3) for grievance policy (10 points).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest room for improvement in disability inclusion and accessibility among top university recipients of NIH funding. To provide an equitable academic experience, universities must prioritize disability inclusion.

摘要

背景

目前评估、跟踪或量化大学无障碍环境和残疾包容度的数据有限。

目的

本横断面研究评估了美国前 50 名美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)资助的本科生项目的残疾包容度和无障碍环境。我们假设 NIH 资助与大学残疾包容度评分之间没有关联。

方法

我们使用涵盖 4 个类别的 10 个指标开发了一种新工具,即大学残疾包容度评分,来评估残疾包容度和无障碍环境:(1)实体和虚拟环境的可达性,(2)残疾包容度的公众形象,(3)住宿流程和程序,以及(4)申诉政策。根据总分(满分 100 分),每所大学被分配一个字母等级(A-F)。

结果

在 NIH 资助的前 50 名机构中,有 6%的机构在评分中获得 A 级,而 60%的机构获得 D 级或 F 级。得分情况如下:实体和虚拟环境可达性的平均得分为 15.2(SD = 5)(满分 20 分),残疾包容度的公众形象平均得分为 10(SD = 3)(满分 20 分),住宿流程和程序的平均得分为 30.6(SD = 10)(满分 50 分),申诉政策的平均得分为 8.1(SD = 3)(满分 10 分)。

结论

我们的研究结果表明, NIH 资助的顶尖大学在残疾包容度和无障碍环境方面还有改进的空间。为了提供公平的学术体验,大学必须优先考虑残疾包容度。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/99d7/9683566/76aae21714be/pone.0277249.g001.jpg

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