Slaats Michiel H C, van der Veer Brian M J W, van Alphen Lieke B, Hoebe Christian J P A, Dukers-Muijrers Nicole H T M, Wolffs Petra F G
Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, P.O. Box 33, 6400 AA Heerlen, The Netherlands.
Pathogens. 2022 Nov 14;11(11):1344. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11111344.
It is important i to monitor the transmission and antimicrobial resistance of (NG). Current surveillance relies on culturing, which frequently fails. Previously, a culture-independent genotyping method was developed based on NG multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST). To determine whether crucial sequence types (STs) are missed during culture-dependent surveillance, NG-positive NAAT samples were genotyped, and the results of the culture-positive and culture-negative samples were compared. In total, 196 NG-positive NAAT samples, from January 2017 until August 2018, which were also routinely cultured, were retrospectively included. Genotyping was successful in 152 NAAT samples (77.0%), 33 NAAT samples failed, and 11 NAAT samples showed possible mixed strain infections. Oropharyngeal samples (n = 16) showed the largest increase in typing rate from 6.3% (1/16) success in culture-dependent genotyping to 81.3% (13/16) in culture-independent genotyping. Nine genogroups (n ≥ 5 samples) were found; all included both culture-positive and culture-negative NG. However, culture-independent surveillance revealed 14 additional STs in the culture-negative samples. Overall, culture-dependent surveillance could detect all genogroups, indicating that major trends could be identified with culture-dependent surveillance. However, culture-independent surveillance provides more STs, mixed infections and more oropharyngeal samples, giving a more detailed view and could result in an earlier detection of outbreaks and transmission.
监测淋病奈瑟菌（NG）的传播和抗菌药物耐药性很重要。目前的监测依赖于培养，但培养常常失败。此前，基于淋病奈瑟菌多抗原序列分型（NG-MAST）开发了一种不依赖培养的基因分型方法。为了确定在依赖培养的监测过程中是否遗漏了关键序列类型（STs），对NG核酸扩增检测（NAAT）阳性样本进行基因分型，并比较培养阳性和培养阴性样本的结果。总共回顾性纳入了2017年1月至2018年8月期间196份NG核酸扩增检测阳性且也常规进行培养的样本。152份核酸扩增检测样本（77.0%）基因分型成功，33份核酸扩增检测样本失败，11份核酸扩增检测样本显示可能存在混合菌株感染。口咽样本（n = 16）从依赖培养的基因分型成功率6.3%（1/16）到不依赖培养的基因分型成功率81.3%（13/16），分型率增幅最大。发现了9个基因群（n≥5个样本）；所有基因群都包括培养阳性和培养阴性的淋病奈瑟菌。然而，不依赖培养的监测在培养阴性样本中发现了另外14种序列类型。总体而言，依赖培养的监测可以检测到所有基因群，这表明通过依赖培养的监测可以识别主要趋势。然而，不依赖培养的监测提供了更多的序列类型、混合感染和更多的口咽样本，能给出更详细的情况，可能会更早地发现疫情暴发和传播。
