Wang Siquan, Wu Libo, Wang Zijuan, Du Huihong, Zhu Jincai, Li Yongyu, Cai Minghong, Wang Xinhong
College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 20;860:160487. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160487. Epub 2022 Nov 25.
Organic amine pesticides (OAPs) are widely used as insecticides, fungicides and herbicides in agricultural production. China is a large agricultural country, and the sprayed pesticides may impact the fragile marine environment through surface runoff. This study revealed the pollution characteristics of thirty-three OAPs in the East China Sea (ECS) and the South China Sea (SCS) and investigated their vertical variations in water columns. The ∑OAPs ranged from below method detection limits to 3.4 ng/ L, with an average value of 0.93 ng/ L. Diphenylamine and beflubutamid were the two most abundant compounds, contributing 64 % and 14 % of the ∑OAPs, respectively. The ∑OAPs in the ECS were significantly (M-W U test, p < 0.01) higher than that in the SCS, and OAPs exhibited different composition profiles. Diphenylamine was the most abundant compound in the ECS, while beflubutamid was dominant in the SCS, which may be related to industrial production (such as rubber synthesis) and agricultural activities. In the water columns, OAPs concentrations were higher in deep layers compared to that in surface seawater, which may be due to weak light and low temperature reducing the degradation of pesticides, indicating the deep ocean is a sink for OAPs. Under the dilution of seawater, the concentrations of OAPs decreased from the Pearl River Estuary to the open sea, and the South China Sea Warm Current also caused the decrease of OAPs from south to north. A preliminary risk assessment indicated that OAPs in the water pose no significant risk to aquatic organisms.
有机胺类农药（OAPs）在农业生产中被广泛用作杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂。中国是一个农业大国，喷洒的农药可能通过地表径流影响脆弱的海洋环境。本研究揭示了东海（ECS）和南海（SCS）中33种OAPs的污染特征，并调查了它们在水柱中的垂直变化。∑OAPs的含量范围从低于方法检测限到3.4 ng/L，平均值为0.93 ng/L。二苯胺和苯氟酰胺是两种含量最高的化合物，分别占∑OAPs的64%和14%。东海的∑OAPs显著高于南海（M-W U检验，p < 0.01），且OAPs呈现出不同的组成特征。二苯胺是东海中含量最高的化合物，而苯氟酰胺在南海中占主导地位，这可能与工业生产（如橡胶合成）和农业活动有关。在水柱中，与表层海水相比，深层的OAPs浓度更高，这可能是由于弱光和低温降低了农药的降解，表明深海是OAPs的汇。在海水稀释作用下，OAPs浓度从珠江口向公海降低，南海暖流也导致OAPs从南向北减少。初步风险评估表明，水中的OAPs对水生生物没有显著风险。
