Rodriguez-Levy Inti E, Van Damme Paul A, Carvajal-Vallejos Fernando M, Bervoets Lieven
Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías (CICEI), Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo", Calle M. Márquez S/n Esq. Parque J. Trigo, Tupuraya, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
Heliyon. 2022 Nov 19;8(11):e11649. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11649. eCollection 2022 Nov.
Artisanal mining and erosion of metalbearing soils can contaminate aquatic ecosystems and affect the health of riparian human populations, through metal bio-accumulation processes and fish consumption. Concentrations of eight trace metals (Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn) and a metalloid (As) were measured in the muscle tissue of different edible fish species collected from markets of two cities along the Beni River banks, in the Bolivian Amazon. Relationships between the size of fish belonging to different trophic levels (carnivores, omnivores, detritivores and herbivorous) from four different fishing zones were analyzed. The most relevant results corresponded to the detritivore group, whose members exhibited significant positive correlations between the fish size and the concentration of three metals (cadmium, cobalt and nickel). Furthermore, a 3 × 3 scenario-risk analysis was performed to assess local risk for human health. This was done by relating three different scenarios of local fish consumption collected from literature (maximum, average and minimum) and three different levels of trace element concentrations (95, 50 and 5 percentile) derived from the present study and the Minimal Risk Levels suggested by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Results of these calculations determined the amount of fish muscle per contaminant that could be consumed per day without risking human's health. Finally, Target Hazard Quotients were calculated for each trace element, aiming to indicate the potential exposure to each one and the concentration at which no adverse effects are expected. The obtained results made clear that mercury is the only trace element that represents an important health risk to humans within the studied region, considering most of the combinations in the 3 × 3 analysis. Chronic mercury intoxication could occur when consumption of fish in Riberalta or Rurrenabaque exceeded 83 g/day in females and 110 g/day in males.
个体采矿以及含金属土壤的侵蚀会污染水生生态系统，并通过金属生物累积过程和鱼类消费影响河岸地区人类居民的健康。在玻利维亚亚马逊地区贝尼河岸的两个城市的市场上采集了不同可食用鱼类品种的肌肉组织，测量了其中八种痕量金属（镉、铬、钴、铜、铅、汞、镍、锌）和一种类金属（砷）的浓度。分析了来自四个不同捕鱼区的不同营养级（食肉动物、杂食动物、食碎屑动物和草食动物）鱼类的大小之间的关系。最相关的结果对应于食碎屑动物组，其成员的鱼大小与三种金属（镉、钴和镍）的浓度之间呈现出显著的正相关。此外，进行了一个3×3情景风险分析，以评估对人类健康的局部风险。这是通过将从文献中收集的三种不同的当地鱼类消费情景（最大、平均和最小）与从本研究得出的三种不同水平的痕量元素浓度（第95、50和5百分位数）以及有毒物质和疾病登记署建议的最低风险水平相关联来完成的。这些计算结果确定了每天可食用而不会危害人类健康的每种污染物的鱼肌肉量。最后，计算了每种痕量元素的目标危害商数，旨在表明对每种元素的潜在暴露以及预期无不良影响的浓度。所得结果清楚地表明，考虑到3×3分析中的大多数组合，汞是研究区域内对人类构成重要健康风险的唯一痕量元素。当里韦拉尔塔或鲁雷纳瓦克的女性鱼类消费量超过83克/天、男性超过110克/天时，可能会发生慢性汞中毒。
