Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
NeuroLandscape Foundation, Warsaw, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2022 Nov 30;12(1):20695. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24637-0.
There is an established consensus among researchers that contact with nature improves mental health, wellbeing, and quality of life in urbanised environments. Studies tend to examine the health impacts of nature without identifying specific physical and spatial landscape features that could guide health-promoting design of urban green spaces. A growing body of evidence suggests that landscape features described in the Contemplative Landscape Model (CLM) can be used to measure therapeutic value of urban landscapes. CLM assesses urban landscapes across seven sub-scales: Layers of the Landscape, Landform, Vegetation, Color and Light, Compatibility, Archetypal Elements and Character of Peace and Silence. We exposed 74 healthy adults to six urban landscapes in laboratory (video representations) and naturalistic outdoor settings. We explored the associations between the visual quality of urban landscapes annotated with CLM, with self-reported positive emotions and brain activity consistent with mindfulness (Theta waves), relaxation (Alpha waves) and attention restoration (Beta waves), and differences between laboratory and naturalistic setting. CLM scores predicted self-reported Valence and Arousal, and low frequency power bands: Alpha and Theta in the naturalistic setting. Landscape features showing the strongest associations were Character of Peace and Silence, Layers of the Landscape and Archetypal Elements. Alpha, Theta brain reactivity and Arousal scores, were significantly different between laboratory and naturalistic settings (p < 0.05), while Valence scores between those settings were statistically identical (p = 0.22). Self-reported Valence and Arousal, but not brain activity, were significantly associated with the majority of landscape features in the laboratory setting. The results of the study provide guidelines on the urban landscape features most beneficial for human health, to inform urban green space design.
研究人员普遍认为，与大自然接触可以改善城市环境中的心理健康、幸福感和生活质量。这些研究倾向于研究自然对健康的影响，而没有确定能够指导城市绿地促进健康设计的具体物理和空间景观特征。越来越多的证据表明，沉思景观模型 (CLM) 中描述的景观特征可用于衡量城市景观的治疗价值。CLM 从七个子量表评估城市景观：景观的层次、地貌、植被、颜色和光线、兼容性、原型元素和宁静与平和的特征。我们在实验室（视频展示）和自然环境中向 74 名健康成年人展示了六种城市景观，并探索了 CLM 标注的城市景观视觉质量与自我报告的积极情绪之间的关联，以及与正念（θ波）、放松（α波）和注意力恢复（β波）一致的大脑活动，以及实验室和自然环境设置之间的差异。CLM 评分预测了自我报告的情绪和唤醒值，以及低频波段：自然环境中的α波和θ波。与和平与安宁特征、景观层次和原型元素相关最强的景观特征。α、θ脑反应和唤醒分数在实验室和自然环境设置之间有显著差异（p<0.05），而这些设置之间的情绪分数差异无统计学意义（p=0.22）。自我报告的情绪和唤醒值与实验室环境中的大多数景观特征显著相关，但大脑活动与这些特征不相关。该研究的结果为最有益于人类健康的城市景观特征提供了指导，为城市绿地设计提供了信息。
