Kuan Tat-Yeung James
Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
J Adolesc. 2023 Apr;95(3):479-493. doi: 10.1002/jad.12130. Epub 2022 Nov 30.
The mechanism behind how time perspective (TP) relates to subjective well-being is not fully understood and thinking styles might be potential mediators. However, our understanding of the relationship between thinking styles and subjective well-being is currently limited to adult studies. This study aims to extend the literature by examining the mediating role of thinking styles in the relationship between TP and subjective well-being in an adolescent sample.
One hundred forty-nine male and one hundred and fourteen female secondary school students (13-18 years old) in Hong Kong responded to the Thinking Styles Inventory-Revised II (TSI-R2), the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale (TSWLS) in two waves separated by 2 months in 2017.
After controlling for gender and TP, internal and external styles positively predicted positive affect and future life satisfaction after 2 months. Adaptive Type I hierarchical style positively predicted both positive and negative affect after 2 months, which supports the two-dimensional structure of affect. Unexpectedly, maladaptive Type II styles did not predict subjective well-being. Longitudinal mediation using cross-lagged panel model showed that thinking styles mediated three relationships between TP and subjective well-being. The internal style mediated the relationship between Past-Negative TP, positive affect, and future life satisfaction, while the external style mediated the relationship between Future TP and future life satisfaction.
Thinking styles predicted adolescent subjective well-being and acted as mediators in the relationship between TPs and subjective well-being.
时间视角（TP）与主观幸福感之间的潜在机制尚未完全明晰，思维方式可能是潜在的中介因素。然而，目前我们对思维方式与主观幸福感之间关系的理解仅限于成人研究。本研究旨在通过考察思维方式在青少年样本中TP与主观幸福感关系中的中介作用来拓展相关文献。
2017年，香港149名男生和114名女生（年龄在13 - 18岁之间）的中学生在相隔两个月的两个阶段中，分别完成了修订版思维方式量表（TSI - R2）、津巴多时间视角量表（ZTPI）、正负性情绪量表（PANAS）以及时间生活满意度量表（TSWLS）。
在控制了性别和TP后，2个月后内部和外部思维方式正向预测了积极情绪和未来生活满意度。适应性I型层级思维方式在2个月后正向预测了积极情绪和消极情绪，这支持了情绪的二维结构。出乎意料的是，适应不良的II型思维方式并未预测主观幸福感。使用交叉滞后面板模型的纵向中介分析表明，思维方式在TP与主观幸福感之间的三种关系中起中介作用。内部思维方式介导了过去消极TP、积极情绪和未来生活满意度之间的关系，而外部思维方式介导了未来TP与未来生活满意度之间的关系。
思维方式预测了青少年的主观幸福感，并在TP与主观幸福感之间的关系中起中介作用。
