Shah Parth
ObvioHealth, New York, NY, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2023;1396:207-214. doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_14.
The diabetes types and its complications have varying developmental and metabolic pathways. There is an interplay of nongenetic and genetic components in pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. There are several established genes such as ABCC8, TCF7L2, SLC2A2, and CAPN10 which are known to influence blood insulin and glucose levels. Current management of diabetes types may include lifetime burdensome use of insulin, insulin sensitizers, insulin secretagogues, etc. There has been increasing interest in improving genetic editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 and using genetically edited stem cells to alter diabetes disease course or possibly cure it. Current research on microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs may provide insights into the pathways involved in development of diabetes and its complications. Consequently, developing further understanding of genetics and its messenger pathways in diabetes would enhance our ability to develop precise and accurate genetic editing tools which can translate into clinically useful therapeutics.
糖尿病的类型及其并发症具有不同的发展和代谢途径。在糖尿病及其并发症的发病机制中，非遗传和遗传成分相互作用。有几个已确定的基因，如ABCC8、TCF7L2、SLC2A2和CAPN10，已知它们会影响血液中的胰岛素和葡萄糖水平。目前对糖尿病类型的管理可能包括终身大量使用胰岛素、胰岛素增敏剂、胰岛素促分泌剂等。人们对改进基因编辑工具（如CRISPR/Cas9）以及使用基因编辑干细胞来改变糖尿病病程或可能治愈糖尿病的兴趣与日俱增。目前对微小RNA和长链非编码RNA的研究可能会为糖尿病及其并发症发生过程中涉及的途径提供见解。因此，进一步了解糖尿病中的遗传学及其信使途径将提高我们开发精确且准确的基因编辑工具的能力，这些工具可转化为临床有用的治疗方法。
