Defence Medical Academy, Defence Medical Services, Whittington, United Kingdom.
Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2022 Dec 1;17(12):e0270438. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270438. eCollection 2022.
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as lockdown, social distancing and use of face coverings was adopted by the United Kingdom (UK) Armed Forces (AF) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study assessed the impact of the use of NPIs on the incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) in the UK AF.
A longitudinal study design was adopted, and secondary data was analysed retrospectively. Clinical Read codes for ILI was used to generate data for flu seasons before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (September 2017 to April 2021).
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the rate of reporting ILI was ~ 4% across all flu seasons. The count of ILI was 2.9%, 2.2% and 3.1% during 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 flu seasons respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, both the rate of reporting ILI (0.6%) and the count of ILI (0.5%) were significantly smaller (p < .001). The rate of reporting ILI was positively correlated with the count of ILI (r (2) = .97, p = .014). Influenza vaccination rate increased by 1.3% during the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination rate was negatively correlated with the rate of reporting ILI (r (2) = -.52, p = 0.24) and the count of ILI (r (2) = -.61, p = 0.19). However, this correlation was not significant. The use of NPIs was negatively correlated with the rate of reporting ILI (r (2) = -.99, p = < .001) and the count of ILI (r (2) = -.95, p = 0.026). The overall multiple regression performed was statistically significant (R2 = 0.94, F (1, 2) = 33.628, p = 0.028). The rate of reporting ILI significantly predicted the count of ILI (β = 0.609, p = 0.028) while vaccination rate did not significantly predict the count of ILI (β = -0.136, p = 0.677).
The incidence of ILI in the UK AF was significantly reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of NPIs and the rate of reporting ILI significantly reduced the count of ILI. Being vaccinated for influenza did not significantly reduce the count of ILI.
在 COVID-19 大流行期间，英国武装部队（AF）采取了非药物干预（NPIs），如封锁、社交距离和使用口罩。本研究评估了 NPIs 的使用对英国 AF 流感样疾病（ILI）发病率的影响。
采用纵向研究设计，回顾性分析二次数据。使用 ILI 的临床阅读代码生成流感季节之前和期间（2017 年 9 月至 2021 年 4 月）的数据。
在 COVID-19 大流行之前，所有流感季节报告 ILI 的比例约为 4%。2017-18、2018-19 和 2019-20 流感季节的 ILI 计数分别为 2.9%、2.2%和 3.1%。在 COVID-19 大流行期间，报告 ILI 的比例（0.6%）和 ILI 的计数（0.5%）均显著较小（p<.001）。报告 ILI 的比例与 ILI 的计数呈正相关（r (2) =.97，p =.014）。在 COVID-19 大流行期间，流感疫苗接种率增加了 1.3%。疫苗接种率与报告 ILI 的比例（r (2) = -.52，p = 0.24）和 ILI 的计数（r (2) = -.61，p = 0.19）呈负相关。然而，这种相关性并不显著。NPIs 的使用与报告 ILI 的比例（r (2) = -.99，p = <.001）和 ILI 的计数（r (2) = -.95，p = 0.026）呈负相关。进行的总体多元回归具有统计学意义（R2 = 0.94，F (1, 2) = 33.628，p = 0.028）。报告 ILI 的比例显著预测 ILI 的计数（β = 0.609，p = 0.028），而疫苗接种率对 ILI 的计数无显著预测作用（β = -0.136，p = 0.677）。
英国 AF 中 ILI 的发病率在 COVID-19 大流行期间显著降低。NPIs 的使用和报告 ILI 的比例显著降低了 ILI 的计数。流感疫苗接种并未显著降低 ILI 的计数。
Zotero 插件
