Key Laboratory of Knowledge Automation for Industrial Processes of Ministry of Education, School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
Chaos. 2022 Nov;32(11):113117. doi: 10.1063/5.0109451.
A vast body of experiments share the view that social norms are major factors for the emergence of fairness in a population of individuals playing the dictator game (DG). Recently, to explore which social norms are conducive to sustaining cooperation has obtained considerable concern. However, thus, far few studies have investigated how social norms influence the evolution of fairness by means of indirect reciprocity. In this study, we propose an indirect reciprocal model of the DG and consider that an individual can be assigned as the dictator due to its good reputation. We investigate the "leading eight" norms and all second-order social norms by a two-timescale theoretical analysis. We show that when role assignment is based on reputation, four of the "leading eight" norms, including stern judging and simple standing, lead to a high level of fairness, which increases with the selection intensity. Our work also reveals that not only the correct treatment of making a fair split with good recipients but also distinguishing unjustified unfair split from justified unfair split matters in elevating the level of fairness.
大量实验认为，在玩独裁者博弈（DG）的个体群体中，社会规范是公平出现的主要因素。最近，人们越来越关注哪些社会规范有利于维持合作。然而，到目前为止，很少有研究通过间接互惠来研究社会规范如何影响公平的演变。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个 DG 的间接互惠模型，并认为个体由于其良好的声誉而被指定为独裁者。我们通过两次尺度的理论分析研究了“八大准则”和所有二阶社会规范。我们表明，当角色分配基于声誉时，“八大准则”中的四项，包括严厉判断和简单站立，会导致高水平的公平，且随着选择强度的增加而增加。我们的工作还揭示了，不仅要正确对待与好的接受者公平分配，还要区分不合理的不公平分配和合理的不公平分配，这对于提高公平水平很重要。
