Gutermuth Jan, Grosber Martine, Pfaar Oliver, Bergmann Karl Christian, Ring Johannes
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg.
Allergol Select. 2022 Nov 21;6:248-258. doi: 10.5414/ALX02330E. eCollection 2022.
The great milestones in medicine almost always have their precursors, which help the great event to break through. So it was with allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) and the great work of Noon and Freeman and their world-renowned publication in 1911. In this article, we want to outline AIT's long journey, from early attempts to achieve tolerance to allergens in the environment. Many very different methods were used; from homeopathy to the use of recombinant allergens. Initially, the allergen extracts were given only subcutaneously, but then also through other routes, such as nasal, rectal, intradermal, epicutaneous, in lymph nodes, or oral. It was the great merit of Bill Franklin, whom many of us still experienced as active participants in congresses, to point out that the effect of AIT must be documented not only by clinical observation but in a controlled form including placebo injections. AIT was thus transferred to evidence-based medicine, which we successfully apply today. We would like to express our gratitude to Bill Franklin himself and all others involved in the development of AIT with this summary of 111 years of immunotherapy.
医学上的重大里程碑几乎总是有其先驱者，他们助力这一伟大事件取得突破。过敏原特异性免疫疗法（AIT）以及努恩和弗里曼的伟大成就及其1911年举世闻名的出版物便是如此。在本文中，我们想概述AIT漫长的发展历程，从早期在环境中实现对过敏原耐受的尝试说起。人们采用了许多截然不同的方法，从顺势疗法到使用重组过敏原。最初，过敏原提取物仅通过皮下注射给药，但后来也通过其他途径给药，如鼻腔、直肠、皮内、经皮、淋巴结内或口服。比尔·富兰克林的伟大功绩在于，我们许多人仍能在大会上看到他作为积极参与者的身影，他指出AIT的效果不仅必须通过临床观察来记录，还应以包括安慰剂注射在内的对照形式来记录。于是，AIT被引入了循证医学，而我们如今成功地应用着这一医学模式。通过对111年免疫疗法的总结，我们要向比尔·富兰克林本人以及所有参与AIT发展的其他人表达我们的感激之情。
